1. MATTER
STATES OF

2. The Four States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

3. STATES OF MATTER Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles

4. Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

5. STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS
Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Heat

6. Two Types of Solids
Crystalline
Amorphous

7. Crystalline Solids
The molecules of crystalline solids are arranged in repeating symmetrical patterns.
Metals
Minerals such as diamonds
Salts
Ice

8. Amorphous solids
Amorphous solids have molecules arranged in no particular order.
Examples:
Rubber
Wax
plastic

9. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
Heat

10. Two properties of liquids
Surface tension
It’s why water forms round drops
Viscosity
Its why some liquids flow faster than others

11. Surface tension An attractive force exists
between molecules of liquids.
This force causes the liquid
to form a curved surface or
a round drop.
This force varies among different liquids.
The greater the surface tension, the
greater the curve, or the rounder the drop.

12. Viscosity
The force of attraction between liquid molecules causes the liquid to resist flowing.
High viscosity liquids flow slowly
examples: lava, honey
Low viscosity liquids flow faster
examples: water, vinegar

13. STATES OF MATTER GAS
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Heat

14. States of Matter of matter in this picture?
Can you identify the three states
of matter in this picture?

15. But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels…between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?

16. STATES OF MATTER PLASMA
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Plasma is the most
common state
of matter

17. Where plasmas are found…
1. Flames

18. 2. Lightning

19. 3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

20. An example of a star in its plasma state
The Sun …
An example of a star in its plasma state

21. Plasma

23. PHASE CHANGES Heat goes into the solid as Solid to liquid it melts.
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Solid to liquid
Melting
Heat goes into the solid as
it melts.
(Endothermic)
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Heat leaves the liquid as
it freezes.
(Exothermic)

24. PHASE CHANGES Liquid to gas Gas to liquid Solid to gas (Endothermic)
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
(Endothermic)
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Heat leaves the gas
as it condenses.
(Exothermic)
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

25. Phase Changes Exothermic solid liquid gas Endothermic sublimation
vaporizing
melting
solid
liquid
gas
condensing
freezing
Endothermic

26. The Change of States

27. The Change of States Exothermic Endothermic Freezing Time / Energy
Melting
Freezing
Name _________________________
Date/Period __________________
The Change of States
GAS or STEAM
CONDENSATION
LIQUID
FREEZING
SOLID
Temperature
Time / Energy
MELTING
EVAPORATION
0° 0°
100°
Exothermic
Melting
Point
Boiling
Point
Endothermic

28. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID PLASMA SOLID GAS
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not move from place to place
Close together with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate and move freely at high speeds
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

29. So…What is an “Ionized Gas”??
An ionized atom is usually one
that has lost one or more electrons!
Plasma has ions and free electrons
in fairly equal numbers, so generally
has a neutral charge.
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