1. SUMMARY
Logic and Reasoning

2. Premise->Conclusion Formal/Deductive Logic: “Form”
Argument:
Premise->Conclusion
Formal/Deductive Logic: “Form”
Validity
“Content” (Premise)
Factual Correctness
Soundness

3. Formal/Deductive Logic: “Form”
Validity
F -> F
F -> T
Valid But
Not Sound
(vacuous truth)
T -> T
Valid
T -> F
Invalid

4. Formal/Deductive Logic: “Form”
Validity
F -> F
F -> T
Valid But
Not Sound
(vacuous truth)
T -> T
Valid
T -> F
Invalid
“Broken promise”

5. Formal/Deductive Logic: “Form”
Validity
F -> F
F -> T
Valid But
Not Sound
(vacuous truth)
T -> T
Valid
T -> F
Invalid
(e.g., “all non-UP students studying full time in UP are intelligent” is true)

6. Informal (not form): content, delivery
Fallacies
Formal: “form”
Informal (not form): content, delivery
An argument is valid if and only if every argument with the same form is also valid.