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Characteristics of Living Things
Chap 1-3 Pg 16-19
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1. Living things are made up of units called cells
A. ORGANISMS can be either: Multicellular- made of more than one cell. Ex: animals, plants 2. Unicellular-made of one cell. Ex: amoeba
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2. Living things reproduce
A. Two kinds of reproduction: 1. Sexual Reproduction- cells from two different parents unite to form a new organism. Offspring are genetic combination of both parents. 2. Asexual Reproduction- the new organism comes from a single parent. Offspring identical to parent.
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3. Living things are based on a universal genetic code
The directions for inheritance are carried by a molecule called Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) B. DNA codes the traits on the chromosomes that you inherit. Ex: baldness
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4. Living things grow and develop
Grow - Unicellular organisms may increase in size. B. Develop - The cells of multicellular organisms begin to divide and differentiate (or specialize)
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5. Living things obtain and use materials and energy
Metabolism- the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials to carry out its life processes. Examples: 1. Photosynthesis- building (plants) 2. Cellular respiration- breaking down (plants and animals)
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6. Living things respond to their environment
a stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds. Ex: light and sound B. Stimuli can be internal or external
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7. Living things maintain a stable internal environment
Homeostasis- the process in which an organisms internal conditions stay fairly constant in order to survive; means “same condition” Ex: temperature- sweating/shivering
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8. Taken as a group, living things change over time
Evolution- A population of organisms changes over thousands or millions of years through adaptations in order to survive
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8. Taken as a group, living things change over time
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