1. Species and Systems of Organizing Them

2. Biological Species:
A group of natural populations that are or could interbreed and are reproductively isolated. (producing fertile offspring)
The Western meadowlark (left) and the Eastern meadowlark (right) appear to be identical, and their ranges overlap, but their distinct songs prevent interbreeding.
Sisters: two ants of the species Pheidole barbata, fulfilling different roles in the same colony

3. Sometimes reproductive isolation is incomplete in nature.
Hybrid: Product of interbreeding between two different species.

4. Organizes organisms by evolutionary history
Phylogenetic Tree:
Organizes organisms by evolutionary history

6. Which two organisms are most closely related?
(share the most recent common ancestor)
Philodota & Carnivora

7. Organizes organisms by ancestral and derived characters
Cladogram:
Organizes organisms by ancestral and derived characters

8. Convergent evolution can lead to similar derived characters (traits).

9. outgroup

10. Where would a dolphin go? Why?
With the Tiger because it has hair and a tail.

11. What is the outgroup?
Sharks