1. The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division
Chapter 7 Lecture
Chapter 7
The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division
Frederic Martini
Michael Timmons
Robert Tallitsch

2. Introduction
The appendicular skeleton is involved in changing your position in the external environment.
Standing
Walking
Sitting
Dressing
Driving a car

3. Introduction
Figure 7.1 The Appendicular Skeleton

4. The Pectoral Girdle and the Upper Limb
Includes the S-shaped clavicle (collarbone) and the flattened scapula (shoulder blade).
The clavicle articulates with the sternum’s manubrium; is the only direct connection between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle.
The scapula is attached to the clavicle anteriorly but has no connection to the actual axial skeleton; instead skeletal muscles and ligaments support it.
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The Pectoral Girdle

5. The Clavicle
Figure 7.3 The Clavicle

6. The Scapula
Figure 7.5a,b,c The Scapula

7. The Scapula
Figure 7.5d,e,f The Scapula

8. The Upper Limb Consists of the: Brachium (humerus)
Antebrachium (ulna and radius)
Wrist (carpals)
Hand (metacarpals and phalanges) 
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The Upper Limb

9. The Humerus: Anterior
Figure 7.6a The Anterior Humerus

10. The Humerus: Posterior
Figure 7.6d The Posterior Humerus

11. The Ulna and Radius: Posterior
Figure 7.7a The Posterior Forearm

12. The Ulna and Radius: Anterior
Figure 7.7d The Anterior Forearm

13. The carpal bones are the eight bones of the wrist.
The Wrist and Hand
The carpal bones are the eight bones of the wrist.
The five metacarpal bones articulate with the distal carpal bones and make up the palm of the hand.
The fourteen phalanges of the hand make up the finger bones.
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The Wrist and Hand

14. The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
The pelvic girdle supports and protects the lower viscera and developing fetus in females.
The bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb are much more massive than their homologues of the upper limb.
Consists of two ossa coxae bones.
The lower limb includes the thigh (femur), kneecap (patella), leg, (tibia and fibula), ankle (tarsals), and foot (metatarsals and phalanges).
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The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

15. The Pelvic Girdle
Figure 7.10a Lateral Pelvic Girdle

16. The Pelvic Girdle
Figure 7.10b Medial Pelvic Girdle

17. The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
The pelvic girdle supports and protects the lower viscera and developing fetus in females.
The bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb are much more massive than their homologues of the upper limb.
Consists of two ossa coxae bones.
The lower limb includes the thigh (femur), kneecap (patella), leg, (tibia and fibula), ankle (tarsals), and foot (metatarsals and phalanges).
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The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

18. The Pelvic Girdle
Figure 7.10a Lateral Pelvic Girdle

19. The Pelvic Girdle
Figure 7.10b Medial Pelvic Girdle

20. The Pelvis
Figure 7.11a Anterior Pelvis
Figure 7.11b Posterior Pelvis

21. The Pelvis
Figure 7.12a Superior Pelvis
Figure 7.12c Inferior Pelvis

22. The Pelvis: Male vs. Female
The male and female pelvis contains numerous differences.
Generally the male pelvis is heavier with more prominent markings due to the larger muscles attached to it.

23. The Pelvis: Male vs. Female
Characteristics of the female pelvis:
Enlarged pelvic outlet, due to wider ischial spines
Less curvature of the sacrum and coccyx
Wider, more circular pelvic inlet
Broader, lower pelvis
Widely fanning ilia
Pubic angle greater than 100°
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The Pelvis

24. The Femur: Anterior
Figure 7.14a The Anterior Femur

25. The Femur: Posterior
Figure 7.14d The Posterior Femur

26. The Patella
Figure The Patella

27. The Tibia and Fibula: Anterior
Figure 7.16a The Anterior Tibia and Fibula

28. The Tibia and Fibula: Posterior
Figure 7.16d The Posterior Tibia and Fibula

29. Seven tarsal bones make up the ankle.
The Ankle and Foot
Seven tarsal bones make up the ankle.
The five metatarsal bones articulate with the distal tarsal bones and make up the arches of the foot.
The fourteen phalanges of the foot make up the toe bones.
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The Ankle and Foot