2. Jefferson as President
Wanted to reduce the size/strength of the federal government
Wanted the US to be a nation of small farmers
Suspended the Alien & Sedition Acts and released those jailed under them

3. Federalists Try to Cling to Power
Before Jefferson took office, Adams appointed last-minute Federalists judges to fill the judicial branch; “midnight justices”
After 1800 the Federalists still controlled the Judicial Branch
Federalist, federal judges appointed by Washington and Adams served life terms
John Marshall: Federalist Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years
Rulings of the Marshall Court strengthened the power of the federal government
Marbury vs Madison: established the idea of Judicial Review
The Midnight Justices: John Adams appointed Federalists judges days before leaving office
Jefferson ordered Secretary of State James Madison not to deliver the presidential commissions to the Federalists Judges appointed by Adams
One of Adams’ appointments, William Marbury, sued for his commission

4. Marbury v. Madison
D-Rs blocked the appointments of the “midnight judges”; Judge William Marbury sues
Marbury v. Madison-
Established JUDICIAL REVIEW: the authority of the Supreme Court to rule government laws or actions as unconstitutional
This statement actually challenged the Judiciary Act of 1789, which stated that the Supreme Court did, in fact, have the right to issue those writs. Marshall, therefore, ruled that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional because the Constitution did not expressly grant this power to the judiciary

5. The Louisiana Purchase
Americans in the western frontier region depended on the Mississippi River to transport goods
Jefferson sent James Monroe to France to buy New Orleans for $10 million

6. The Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon sold America the entire Louisiana Territory for only $15 million
America’s size DOUBLED, including millions of acres of farmland
It added 2.14 million square kilometers of land to the United States that stretched from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada. This was for a price of $15 million which amounts to less than 3 cents per acre

7. Constitutional?
Jefferson went against his strict interpretation/ constructionist philosophy
Bought Louisiana Territory without direct authority from the Constitution
On April 30, 1803, the Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed in Paris by American representatives Robert Livingston and James Monroe; and French Treasury Minister Barbe-Marbois. There was opposition to the Louisiana purchase in the American Parliament with the Federalist Party favoring close relations with Britain over closer ties to Napoleon; and raising concern that US was paying too much money for too little land. Moreover, many, including President Jefferson, were concerned over the constitutionality of the purchase as they believed that it was unconstitutional to acquire any territory. However, despite being a strict constitutionalist, President Jefferson used his powers to stretch the intent of that document to justify the purchase.

8. Exploring the West
Congress funded the Lewis and Clark expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory
PRIMARY mission was to find a water route to the Pacific Ocean
No route found; many plants and animals discovered
They also conducted scientific research and made contact with many Indian tribes
Sacagawea served as an Indian guide and interpreter
The expedition boosted American claims to the Oregon Territory
Americans increasingly began to move to the West