1. Changes in Supply
In this lesson, students will identify factors that affect supply.
Students will be able to define and/or identify the following terms:
Subsidy
Excise Tax
Regulation
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2. The cost of cheese affects the supply of
pizzas.
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3. Change in the Cost of Inputs
Any change in the cost of an input will affect supply. An example of an input is a raw material.
A rise in the cost of an input will affect supply at all price levels because the good has become more expensive to produce.
Conversely, a fall in the cost of an input will cause an increase in supply at all price levels.
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4. Government policies can also affect
supply.
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5. A Subsidy
A subsidy is a government payment that supports a business or a market.
Subsidies increase supply because subsidies increase supplier’s profits.
Typically, the government provides subsidies to farmers. A farmer profits from the subsidy as well as the sale.
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6. Farmers receive government subsidies
because farm products are cheap. Farmers
would go out of business without subsidies.
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7. Excise Tax
An excise tax is a government tax on the production or sale of a good.
The government places excise taxes on harmful or dangerous products.
The excise tax on cigarettes reduces supply.
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8. The government places an excise tax
on cigarettes to discourage consumption
of this harmful product.
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9. Regulation
Regulation is a government intervention in the market that affects the price, quantity, and quality of a good.
An example of regulation is requiring car manufacturers to install pollution reducing devices on cars.
Regulation can reduce supply.
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10. Government regulations require car
manufacturers to install pollution reducing
devices.
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11. Shifts in Supply Curves
If the supply curve shifts left, fewer goods will be supplied at all price levels.
If a supply curve shifts right, more goods will be supplied at all price levels.
Excise taxes shift a supply curve to the left while subsidies shift a supply curve to the right.
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12. Excise taxes affect supply.
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13. When a supply curve shifts to the left,
supply is reduced at all price levels.
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14. When the supply curve shifts to the right,
supply is increased at all price levels.
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15. Questions for Reflection:
Why does the government place excise taxes on products and how do excise taxes affect supply?
Why does the government provide subsidies to some industries and how do subsidies affect supply?
How does regulation affect supply?
Why does a rise in the cost of an input affect supply?
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