1. Incorporating Direct Quotations

2. Direct Quote
A direct quote is when you take the author’s exact words and place it inside quotations.
You must_________ to avoid plagiarism.
cite

3. Signals/Signal Phrases
You should include a phrase that introduces the direct quote and (sometimes) names the author or source to place the material in a meaningful context. This lets your readers know where the information came from.
You must place a comma after the signal or introduction to the quote.

4. Examples of Signals According to Mr. Smith, “….”
In an article, Mrs. Hoover stated, “…”
Mrs. Brown said, “…”

5. Some Signal Verbs acknowledges adds admits agrees comments compares
confirms
contends
endorses
illustrates
implies
insists
argues
asserts
believes
claims
declares
denies
disputes
emphasizes
notes
observes
points out
suggests

6. The Quotation
Mrs. Brown said, “You must capitalize the first letter of the quotation if it is a complete thought” (Brown).
Mr. Smith was talking to Mrs. Hoover about not always capitalizing quotations. When it isn’t a complete thought, capitalization “is not needed” (Smith).

7. Citation
The citation is the author’s last name and the page number (if available).
It comes right after the quotation, but it must be put before the period!
So and So said, “Listen to the teacher” (So).

8. Explanation Don’t just leave your quote hanging!
You must explain your quote for the reader.

9. Summary
Use a signal phrase to move your readers smoothly from your ideas to a direct quotation.
Vary your signal verbs and signal phrases.
Make sure the whole sentence is grammatically correct.
Cite! Cite! Cite!
Explain!