1. Empire Building in Africa

2. West Africa Interest in resources and trade Europe sets up colonies
Earliest area to be colonized
Europe sets up colonies
Largest amount controlled by France
Britain gained control of the Gold Coast and Nigeria
Germany had few colonies comparatively

3. North Africa Egypt independent of Ottoman Empire
Modernized army and schools in Egypt
New factories and railways (borrowed money from Britain)
Used money to build Suez Canal
Extremely valuable for Indian trade
Muhammad Ali

4. North Africa Britain wants control of Suez Canal
Revolt in 1883 allowed Britain to intervene
Took control of the canal
Makes Egypt protectorate (1914)

5. North Africa France hopes to compete with Britain
Occupies Algeria
Protectorate over Morocco
Near war between two countries after Fashoda Incident
Did not end in conflict; both countries more worried about Germany…

6. Quick Word about Germany…
Just became a country in under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck
Three separate wars gave Germany large amounts of land (including French territory)
Very militaristic, but Bismarck tried to reduce tensions

7. East Africa
Germany late to begin colonizing (not important to Bismarck)
Competition begins with Britain
Wanted to avoid conflicts (see S. Africa)

8. East Africa Berlin Conference (1886) sparked massive push to colonize
Increased rivalries between European countries
Italy among the only countries to not receive colonies (defeated by Ethiopia in 1895)

9. South Africa Dutch settlers (Boers) arrive in S. Africa in mid-1600s
Taken by Britain after Napoleonic wars
1830s- Boers moved north of British rule in the Great Trek; forced to fight against the Zulu tribe

10. Eventually subdued with the help of the British

11. South Africa Mining companies founded by Cecil Rhodes
Attempts to incite revolution in Boer settlement
Bloody Boer War ( )= British victory
Union of South Africa continued