1. 4.1 Chem. E. and ATP
“T-18”
ATP- transfers E to the cell process (lipids/ carbs/proteins)
ADP- lower-E molecule that can be converted into ATP
All cells need Chem. E.
Autotrophs (photosynthesis), Heterotrophs (cellular respiration), Chemotrophs (chemosynthesis)

2. 4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
“T-19” Chloroplast absorbs sunlight E
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 + E
“T-20”
Light dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid
Light independent reactions- use E from light dependent reactions to make sugars

3. 4.3 Photosynthesis in Detail
“T-21” Calvin Cycle (pg 105)
1-CO2 is added to 5-C molecules
2-E is added and 6-C molecules split into 3-C
3-High E 3-C molecule leaves cycle for every 3 CO2 molecules, after 2 exit they make 1 6-C sugar
4-3-C molecules changes back into 5-C molecules, cycle continues
Stopped here thurs

4. 4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
“T-22”Cellular Respiration
Stage 1 Krebs cycle:
1-3-C from glycolysis enter mitochondria
2- E. carrying molecules are transferred to stage 2
Stage 2: Electron Transport Chain:
3- E. is transferred to chain of proteins
4-lg # of ATP made
C6H12O6 + 6O2  CO2 + 6H2O

5. 4.5 Cellular Respiration “T-23”Krebs Cycle
1 Pyruvate (from glycolysis) broken down
2 Coenzyme A bonds to 2-C molecule and enters Krebs cycle
3 Citric acid formation (6-C molecule)
4 Citric Acid broken down NADH is made
5 5-C molecule broken down NADH and ATP made
6 4-C molecule rearranged NADH and FADH2 made (e- carrier)

6. 4.5 Cellular Respiration “T-24” E- Transport Chain
1: e- are removed from NADH and FADH2
2: H+ ions transported across membrane
3: ADPATP when H+ ions flow through ATP synthase
4: Water is formed as ‘waste’ product of cellular respiration

7. 4.6 Fermentation “T-25” Anerobic- without oxygen
1:2NADH molecules provide E to convert pyruvate into lactic acid, NADH is used/ becomes NAD+
2: 2 NAD+ are recycled into glycolysis/ continues process
Lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation