1. Civil Liberties and Civil Rights

2. Civil Liberties or Civil Rights?
Civil liberties are those personal freedoms that are protected for all individuals and that generally deal with individual freedom. Civil liberties typically involve restraining the government’s actions against individuals.
Civil rights are those rights rooted in the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection under the law. The term refers to the positive acts of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people.

3. The Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights are the first ten amendments to the Constitution. They were added to the document as a compromise between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists.

4. Civil Liberties Bill of Rights First Amendment
Establishment Clause – “Lemon Test,” Lemon v.
Kurtzman
The Free Exercise Clause
Freedom of Expression
Clear & Present Danger Test
Symbolic Expression
Obscene Material
Press

5. The Second Amendment – the “true” meaning?
Fifth Amendment
Sixth Amendment
Eighth Amendment
Ninth Amendment – Privacy
The “Slavery” Amendments – 13th, 14th, 15th

6. Civil Rights Equality of Outcome v. Equality of Opportunity
Barriers to Civil Rights – poll tax, racial segregation, separate-but-equal
Civil Rights Movement: NAACP, Brown v. Topeka Board of Education, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Civil Disobedience, Malcolm X, the Black Panters
Civil Rights Act of 1964
De Jure v. De Facto Segregation

7. Extension of Civil Rights
Native Americans
Women, 19th Amendment, Equal Pay Act of 1963, and Title VII, Defeat of the ERA
1990 Americans with Disabilities Act
Aegism
The Gay Rights Movement
Affirmative Action