1. (in general… and for this essay)
Conclusions
(in general…
and for this essay)

2. Purpose:
The conclusion of an essay has a few purposes. In addition, there are several different kinds of conclusions to choose from.
Ultimately, it’s your choice: think about the assignment and what your instructor is asking for, and then think about which type of conclusion best suits your essay.

3. Purpose #1 Your conclusion acts as a signal.
It tells readers they’ve reached the end of the essay. They feel completion.
Helpful tip: don’t add any new ideas here!

4. Purpose #2 It reminds your readers of the main points in the essay.
They might have become so interested in your later body paragraphs that they don’t have the information from the earlier body paragraphs fresh in their minds anymore.

5. Purpose #3
It leaves your readers with some final thoughts on the topic.

6. You can try different techniques…

7. Make a prediction
In some cases, making a prediction is a natural progression in your essay.
For example, if your essay discussed a problem such as global warming, you might want to make some sort of prediction of what might happen if people and countries don’t begin to take responsibility for our environment.

8. Make a suggestion
Instead of predicting what would happen to the environment if people don’t take responsibility, you could make a concrete suggestion that governments, or your individual readers, could do to make one small change starting today.

9. Ask a question
Some writers like to end their essays by asking a question of their readers. For example:
Twain wondered if his education negatively affected his ability to see beauty in the river. Reading Two Ways of Seeing a River made me ask myself: has my education caused me to become a different person? And, if so, am I still the person that I want to be?

10. Give an opinion
Giving your own perspective is another way to end your essay. (Check with instructors to see if they allow use of first-person.)

11. Summarize!
Because you want to help your readers remember the key points of your essay, you might consider summarizing them here.
Paraphrase your main ideas.
Build sentences that repeat key words you want them to remember.

12. One last thought Think about the writer’s purpose.
Why did this person write the essay?
What can we (or any reader) learn from it? How might reading the essay affect the way we act or think?
Explain to your readers why the ideas in the essay are is interesting, important, significant, and/or meaningful!

13. Or you can mix and match! Opinion + prediction Prediction + suggestion
Summary + last thought
Summary + prediction + suggestion
Be creative!

14. Language to avoid: Don’t refer to your own text: Don’t use “you”:
In my thesis statement, I wrote that these two texts are very different.
In the paragraphs above, I explained how there are more similarities than differences in these two texts.
Don’t use “you”:
As you can see, these two texts are very similar.

15. In conclusion… Conclusions serve a few different purposes.
They tell your readers the essay is coming to an end.
They often remind your readers of your main points.
They leave your readers with final thoughts.

16. There are a number of techniques
Your job is to decide which is best for your essay.
When you choose which technique(s) to use, consider both the type of essay you’re writing and what you’ve said within your essay.
Don’t stay married to one technique for every essay you write.

17. Good luck!