1. Flow Characteristics of the Hemopump: An Experimental In Vitro Study
Urban Lönn, MD, John Wulff, MD, Karl-Yngve Keck, MSEE, Bengt Wranne, MD, PhD, Per Ask, MSEE, PhD, Bengt Peterzén, MD, Henrik Casimir-Ahn, MD, PhD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 63, Issue 1, Pages (January 1997)
DOI: /S (96)

2. Fig. 1
Three different Hemopump catheters. Top: HP-21, middle: HP-31, bottom: HP-14.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

3. Fig. 2
The Hemopump HP-21 femoral catheter in position within the heart, and its function. (Courtesy of Medtronic Inc, Hemodynamics Division, Grand Rapids, MI.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

4. Fig. 3
The Hemopump device with drive unit, with the HP-31 connected, and with the electromagnetic motor. A slow, continuous infusion of glucose is used for cooling and lubricating the pump. (Reprinted by permission of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons [Ann Thorac Surg 1995;59:S36–45].)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

5. Fig. 4
Experimental model. Liquid is pumped by the Hemopump (HP) through a tube from container A up to container B. A seal between the HP cannulas and the tube prevents back-flow besides the HP. The height between the two containers can be adjusted to create different pressures toward the HP outlet. Stopping the pump will create back-flow through the HP cannulas from container B down to container A.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

6. Fig. 5
Flow profiles of the different Hemopumps (HP) at the various speeds and pressure settings. (Inter. = intermediate; P = pressure.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

7. Fig. 6
Back-flow through the Hemopumps (HP) with the pump in the “off” mode at three different pressure levels.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )