1. Cell Biology Van Leeuwenhoek and his microscope
Robert Hooke, and his drawing of cells
Schleiden and Schwann

2. Cell Biology Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells
(eubacteria and archaea)
- no nucleus
- no organelles
- binary fission
- small (0.2 – 2.0 um)

3. Cell Biology Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells
2. Eukaryotic Cells
(protists, plants,
fungi, animals)
- nucleus
- organelles
- mitosis
- larger ( um)

4. Cell Biology Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells
2. Eukaryotic Cells
B. How Cells Live
- take stuff in

5. Cell Biology Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells
2. Eukaryotic Cells
B. How Cells Live
- take stuff in
- break it down and
harvest energy
(enzymes needed)
mitochondria
ADP +P
ATP

6. Cell Biology Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells
2. Eukaryotic Cells
B. How Cells Live
- take stuff in
- break it down and
harvest energy
(enzymes needed)
and
- transform radiant energy
to chemical energy
ADP +P
ATP
chloroplast
mitochondria
ADP +P
ATP

7. Cell Biology Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells
2. Eukaryotic Cells
B. How Cells Live
- take stuff in
- break it down and
harvest energy
(enzymes needed)
- use energy to make stuff
(like enzymes and other proteins,
and lipids, polysaccharides, and
nucleic acids)
- DNA determines sequence of amino acids in enzymes and other proteins
ADP +P
ATP
ribosome

8. ADP +P
ATP
ribosome

9. Cell Biology
Overview
II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells
A. Membrane Structure
1. phospholipids

10. Cell Biology
Overview
II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells
A. Membrane Structure
2. proteins and carbohydrates

11. Cell Biology
Overview
II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
Aqueous Solution (outside cell)
dissolved ions
dissolved polar molecules
suspended non-polar
(lipid soluble)
Aqueous Solution (inside cell)
dissolved ions
dissolved polar molecules
suspended non-polar
(lipid soluble)

12. Cell Biology
Overview
II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
2. transport
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
equilibrium

13. Cell Biology
Overview
II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
2. transport - diffusion
Net diffusion
Equilibrium
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
equilibrium

14. Cell Biology
Overview
II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
2. transport - osmosis

15. Cell Biology
Overview
II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
2. transport – facilitated diffusion

16. Cell Biology
Overview
II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
2. transport – active transport

17. Cytoplasmic Na+ bonds to
the sodium-potassium pump
Na+ binding stimulates
phosphorylation by ATP.
Phosphorylation causes
the protein to change its
conformation, expelling Na+
to the outside.
Extracellular K+ binds
to the protein, triggering
release of the phosphate
group.
Loss of the phosphate
restores the protein’s
original conformation.
K+ is released and Na+
sites are receptive again;
the cycle repeats.

18. Cell Biology
Overview
II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
2. transport
3. metabolism (enzymes nested in membrane)
4. signal transduction

19. Cell Biology
Overview
II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells
A. Membrane Structure
B. Membrane Function
1. semi-permeable barrier
2. transport
3. metabolism (enzymes nested in membrane)
4. signal transduction
5. cell-cell binding
6. cell recognition
7. cytoskeleton attachment