1. Immunologic Basis of Vaccine Vectors
Margaret A. Liu 
Immunity 
Volume 33, Issue 4, Pages (October 2010)
DOI: /j.immuni
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Induction of Immune Responses after Transfection of Plasmid DNA Encoding an Alpha Virus Replicon versus Simple Plasmid DNA
The replicon DNA encodes both the heterologous antigen and the alpha virus proteins needed to replicate the genetic material but not the alpha virus structural proteins. Thus, the RNA is self-replicating and results in the production of larger amounts of heterologous antigen than from a usual DNA plasmid driven by a typical CMV promoter. Innate responses are also stimulated by the alpha virus proteins and double-stranded RNA along with apoptosis. The net effect is a highly potent immune response against the encoded heterologous antigen. Proposed mechanisms are shown by dashed lines, with solid lines denoting proven pathways.
Immunity  , DOI: ( /j.immuni )
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Box 1 Mechanisms to Increase the Potency of DNA and RNA Vaccines
Immunity  , DOI: ( /j.immuni )
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions