1. Directional Terms
Lecture 02

2. Anatomical Directions
Body Location
Meaning
Ventral or Anterior
At or near the front surface of the body or its parts
Dorsal or posterior
At or near the back surface of the body or its parts
Lateral
At or near the side surface of the body or its parts

3. Body Location
Meaning
Medial
At or toward the midline of the body
Central
Toward the center of the body
Peripheral
Away from the center of the body
Proximal
Nearest to the point of attachment
Distal
Furthest from the point of attachment
Cavity
A hollow part or space in a structure

4. The outside or outer part of a structure
Body Location
Meaning
External
The outside or outer part of a structure
Internal
The inside or inner part of a structure
Palmar
Concerning the palm of the hand
Inferior
Beneath
Superior
Over or above
Caudal
Away from the head, toward the tail, inferior portion of the body
Cranial
Pertaining to the skull

5. Body Planes Midsagittal Midline of the body
Divides body into equal right and left portions
Midline of the body
Medial
Lateral

6. Body Planes…

7. Body Planes… Frontal or Coronal
Divides body into front and back portions

8. Body Planes…

9. Body Planes… Transverse Cuts across body Superior (Cranial, Cephalic)
Inferior (Caudal)

10. Body Planes…

11. Body Regions Nine abdominal regions Identified from left to right
Move from top to bottom
One row at a time

12. Body Regions…

13. Abdominal Quadrants Landmark = umbilicus (navel) Quadrants RUQ, LUQ,
RLQ,
LLQ

14. Abdominal Quadrants…

15. Body Cavities Dorsal Cavity Ventral Cavity Cranial Spinal Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic

16. Body Cavities…

17. Divisions of the Back
Cervical Vertebrae (C1 – C7)
Thoracic Vertebrae (T1 – T12)
Lumbar Vertebrae (L1 – L5)
Sacrum
Coccyx

18. Divisions of the Back…

19. Directional Terms Superficial vs. Deep Anterior vs. Posterior
Ventral vs. Dorsal
Superior vs. Inferior
Cranial vs. Caudal

20. Terms of Direction

21. Terms of Direction Medial vs. Lateral Distal vs. Proximal
Supine vs. Prone
Supination vs. Pronation
Plantar vs. Dorsum

22. Terms of Direction

23. Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1

24. Thank You