1. Lesson 3 Verbs!
Sept , 2014

2. Verbs Verbs tell what a subject IS or DOES.
Verbs have 3 PERSONS in both the singular and plural:

3. Verbs: “Persons” Singular Plural 1st person I… we…
Write this down!
Singular Plural
1st person I… we…
2nd person you you (y’all )…
3rd person he, she, they …
it…

4. 1st person
singular I

5. 1st person plural WE

6. 2nd person singular
you

7. 2nd person plural
You (pl.)

8. 3rd person singular
HE-SHE-IT

9. 3rd person plural
THEY

10. Persons Practice! I love He runs You talk Y’all drive We carry
They work
She loves
I ask
It approves
1st person singular
3rd person singular
2nd person singular
2nd person plural
1st person plural
3rd person plural

11. All About Verbs
Each verb has 4 principal parts
amo
amare
amavi
amatus
To find the PRESENT STEM of a verb, drop the –RE from the 2nd principal part (the infinitive).
First Person Singular Present Active “I love”
Present active
Infinitive
“to love”

12. Finding the Present Stem
Find the second principal part of the verb.
amo
amare
amavi
amatus
The present stem is the second principal part – re.
amare
- re =
ama

13. Finding the Present Stem
amo, amare
laboro, laborare
paro, parare
porto, portare
specto, spectare
AMA-
LABORA-
PARA-
PORTA-
SPECTA-

14. -o I -mus -s you -tis -nt -t they we you Present Active Tense Endings
The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings
Singular
Plural
1st person -o I
-mus we
2nd Person -s
you
-tis
you
he, she, it
3rd Person
-nt -t
they
Cantemus! (let’s sing…!)

15. I
-O M

16. -S
you
(sg.)

17. -T
HE-SHE-IT

18. -MUS WE

19. -tis
You (pl.)

20. -NT
THEY

21. Present Active Am o Ama mus Ama tis Ama s Ama t Ama nt
I love I am loving I do love
First Person
We love We are loving We do love Am o
Ama
mus
Second
Person
You love You are loving You do love
You love You are loving You do love
Ama
tis
Ama s
He loves He is loving He does love
Third Person
They love They are loving They do love
Ama t
Ama nt
Present Active

22. Your turn! Pick one of the 5 verbs from your new vocab list.
Write out its present tense chart on your whiteboard.
Singular
Plural
-O (I….)
-MUS (we…)
-S (you….)
-TIS (y’all)
-T (he/she/it…)
-NT (they…)

23. Tricks for Translating!
First, look at the verb ending and see WHO is doing the verb (or who is being done something to…if it’s passive voice).
Be sure you don’t overlook any letters---for example, if you see –S, make sure it’s not really –TIS or –MUS.

24. PORTAMUS

25. Let’s practice translating verbs!
amo paras spectat portant amamus paratis spectas paro laborat
laboramus parat est sunt portamus amatis parant laboro
Singular
Plural
-O (I….)
-MUS (we…)
-S (you….)
-TIS (y’all)
-T (he/she/it…)
-NT (they…)

26. Aquam portant. They carry water.
Let’s put it all together!
Subjects can be pronouns from the verb ending:
Aquam portant. They carry water.
Or subjects can be a nominative-ending noun:
Puellae aquam portant. The girls carry water.
PuellAE=nominative.
Nominative endings=subjects.
Puellae=subject.
The “NT” ending on “portant” stands for “they”, but we can leave out the “they” in English since “the girls” specifies who the “they” is. We don’t want to say, “The girls they carry water.”

27. Verb Practice! The girl is working. The farmers are working.
I am working.
You (sg.) work in the field.
We work on the good land.
He works in the shop.
Are they working the field?
You (pl.) are working in the house.
3rd person, sg., laborat
3rd person, pl., laborant
1st person, sg., laboro
2nd person, sg., laboras
1st person, pl., laboramus
2nd person, pl., laboratis

28. More Verb Practice! Puella terram spectat. Multam aquam portant.
Puella bona viam duram spectat.
Puellae et agricolae aquam parant.
Agricola et puella silvam spectant.
Singular
Plural
-O (I….)
-MUS (we…)
-S (you….)
-TIS (y’all)
-T (he/she/it…)
-NT (they…)
Case Singular Plural
Nominative (subject) a ae
Genitive ae arum
Dative ae is
Accusative (direct obj.) am as
Ablative a is