1. Dental Radiology

2. What we’ll be covering today
Tooth anatomy
Dental formula
Nomenclature
Number of roots
Parallel technique
Bisecting angle technique

3. anatomy Crown supragingival Root subgingival Apex - tip of the root
Pulp chamber inner content of tooth from crown to root
Dentin surrounds pulp chamber
Enamal outer covering of crown
Cementum outer covering of root
Peridontal ligament

4. anatomy
4 basic types of teeth
Incisors
Canine
Premolar teeth
Molars

5. Sides of the teeth Every tooth has 5 sides Occlusal - Mesial –
Distal –
Opposite of mesial
Buccal –
Lingual or Palatal -

6. dental formula Illustrate how many of each tooth type the animal has
Presented in fractions
Maxillary/mandibular

7. cAnine dental formula Deciduous teeth Permanent teeth
2x(i3c1p3m0)/(i3c1p3m0)=28 total teeth
Permanent teeth
2x(i3c1p4m2)/(i3c1p4m3) = 42 total teeth
Deciduous teeth fully erupted by 6 weeks of age
Permanent teeth all erupted by 6 months
Breed differences

8. When do puppy teeth fall out
Incisors first
Canines next
Premolars last
Molars erupt

9. Feline dental formula Deciduous teeth Permanent teeth
2x (i3c1p3m0)/(i3c1p2m0) = 26 total
Permanent teeth
2x (i3c1p3m1)/(i3c1p2m1) = 30 total
Missing 1st premolar in maxilla
Missing 1st and 2nd premolar in mandible
Deciduous teeth erupted by 6 weeks
Permanent teeth erupted by 6 months

10. When do kitten teeth fall out
Incisors first
Canines next
Premolars last
Molars erupt
Similar to puppies

11. nomenclature Once learned it is an easy way to identify teeth
Makes medical charting easy because many record systems have templates built in
Most used system is the triadan system

12. Triadan system Each tooth is labeled by a code of 3 numbers
Can be used in any species
However if a species is normally missing teeth you have to know this

13. Triadan system 1st quadrant upper right 2nd quadrant upper left
3rd quadrant lower left
4th quadrant lower right

14. Triadan system
What about deciduous teeth?????

15. Why Dental radiology
AAHA dental care guidelines for dogs and cats state that preoperative and postoperative dental radiographs are mandated for all extractions
Evaluate tooth below gingiva
Missing teeth/fractured teeth
Proper extraction
Follow pathology – oral tumors

16. Why dental radiology Resorptive lesions Epistaxis Trauma
Nasal discharge
Non-dental

17. safety Use positioning devices 6 feet away/lead barrier
Ideally wear badges

18. Film system Film is colored on one side and white on the other
Feel a bump
This is on the white side and goes towards the tube
Bump also goes
Chair side processing
Different sizes

19. digital
More common
Just like in traditional radiology the benefits are huge
More costly

20. Diagnostic dental radiograph
2-3 mm of bone around apex of root
Level of alveolar bone

21. Parallel technique Can ONLY be used on the
Tube and film are parallel to one another

22. Bisecting angle technique
Beam is aligned with the bisecting angle between tooth and film
Human vs animal

23. Bisecting angle technique
Used on all other teeth
2 things can go wrong with this method

24. positioning Practice, practice, practice, practice, practice, practice
Textbook
You tube
Informative dvds from company

25. foreshortening

26. foreshortening
Occurs when the x-ray beam is focused on the film to much

27. elongation

28. elongation
Occurs when x-ray beam is directed towards the tooth angle too much

29. errors Root cutoff Cone cutoff Traditional film processing errors
Light exposure
Processing error
Fingerprints
Crescents
Double exposure

30. 3 simple rules
If the image is foreshortened or elongated adjust the tube head
If you cut the target off at the edge of the beam (cone cut), simply move the beam over toward the area of cone cut.
If you cut the target off at the edge of the film (root cut), move the film over toward the area you cut off

31. When to take images Prior to cleaning
If you clean first take films prior to polishing