1. Types of Chemical Reactions
The five types of chemical reactions we will discuss are:
Synthesis
Decomposition
Single Displacement
Double Displacement
Combustion

2. Synthesis Reactions The general form is A + X AX Mg + O2  MgO
Two or more substances combine to form one substance.
The general form is
A + X AX
Example:
Mg + O2  MgO

3. Decomposition Reactions
One substance reacts to form two or more substances.
The general form is AX  A + X
Example:
H2O  H2 + O2

4. Single Displacement Reactions
A metal replaces a metal ion (or H+) in a compound.
The general form is A + BX  AX + B
A nonmetal replaces a nonmetal ion in a compound.
The general form is Y + BX  BY + X

5. Single Displacement Reactions

6. Single Displacement Reactions
Examples:
Ni + AgNO3 
Nickel replaces the metallic ion Ag+.
The silver becomes free silver and the nickel becomes the nickel(II) ion.
Ni + 2AgNO3  2Ag + Ni(NO3)2

7. Predicting the Outcomes of Chemical Reactions
Would you expect each of the following chemical reactions to occur as written?
Li + NaCl  LiCl + Na
2Al + 3CuCl2  2AlCl3 + 3Cu
Mg + 2HBr  MgBr2 + H2
F2 + 2KBr  2KF + Br

8. Predicting the Outcomes of Chemical Reactions
Single Displacement Outcomes
Metals cannot displace more active metals.
A halogen can displace any halogen beneath it.
Example: Cl2 can displace Br-1 ions and I-1 ions from compounds, but it cannot displace F-1 ions.

9. Predicting the Outcomes of Chemical Reactions
Predict whether a chem. rxn will occur in each of the following cases, and if it does, what products it will form.
Mg + Cu(NO3)2  ???
Fe + AlCl3  ???

10. Double Displacement Reactions
Ions of two compounds exchange places with each other.
The general form is:
AX + BY  AY + BX

11. Double Displacement NaOH + CuSO4  The Na+ and Cu2+ switch places.
Na+ combines with SO42- to form Na2SO4.
Cu2+ combines with OH- to form Cu(OH)2
2NaOH + CuSO4  Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2

12. Combustion Reaction

13. Combustion Reaction When a substance combines with oxygen
When hydrocarbons are burned in oxygen, the products are water and carbon dioxide.
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O

14. Combustion Reactions
Type of synthesis reaction (substance combines with oxygen)
Release light and heat
Natural gas, propane, gasoline, etc. are burned to produce heat energy.