1. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION [UWB 10202]
Introduction
Mdm Siti Aisyah binti Akiah

2. Outline 1. What is Communication
2. Criteria of an Effective Communication
3. Importance of Effective Communication
4. Communication Model – Elements
5. Forms of Communication
6. Types of Communication

3. What is Communication? Latin word: “communis” (equal or similarity)
Modern day meaning:-
the act of / process of communicating
the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs
something that has been transferred or transmitted
a document or message imparting information or opinion
any process related to sharing information, ideas & feelings

4. Is communication taking place?
A teacher instructing a student to take off his cap in class but was ignored
A group of staffs listening to a briefing on the need for quality work and product given by their manager
The Chancellor of Germany giving a talk on German-Malaysia Economic Cooperation to a delegate of Malaysian participants using the German language
A navy officer pointing his machine gun towards illegal immigrants after they were caught in a boat off the coast of Pontian
An angry motorcyclist raising his middle finger with palm facing inwards to an incoming reckless factory van

5. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
occurs when there is a shared meaning
what we do to give and get understanding
an active process and a changing event
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
a two-way process of sending and receiving messages
an exchange of words and meanings
message that is sent is the same message that is received

6. Importance of Effective Communication
is the key to success
to live is to communicate
to communicate effectively is to enjoy life more fully
we use it :
- to share
- to inform
- to persuade
- to make decision
- to improve relationships
- to discover & uncover information

7. Elements of Communication
WHO (sender)
TO WHOM (receiver)
WHAT IS SAID (message)
USING WHAT & WHERE (channel/mode)
THE EFFECT (feedback)
Elements
of Communication
feedback
channel

8. Element 1: The Sender / Source
The first person to speak or the one who
initiates the communication or creates the
message
Encoding and sending the message
Reacting to feedback from the receiver

9. Element 2: The Receiver
The "listener“, the one or ones for whom the message is intended
Receive and interpret the message
Store and reacts to the message sent by the source of the message
May react by uttering words or in non-verbal ways such as giving
out signs, body movements, facial expressions

10. Element 3: The Message The stimulus produced by the source
This is what the sender wants the receiver to know
Includes:-
- the verbal message (content), and
- non-verbal messages inferred from the source (words, grammar,
organization, appearance, body movement, personality, self-
concept, style, signals) and the environment (noise, interruption)

11. Element 4: Feedback
The reaction that the receiver gives upon receiving the message from the source
Enables the source to determine whether the message was understood correctly

12. Element 5: Channel / Mode
The route by which the message flows between the source and the receiver
Includes:-
means of communication
environment
interference

13. Element 5: Channel (Con’t)
Means of communication (1)
Face-to-face conversations
Meetings

14. Element 5: Channel (Con’t)
Means of communication (2)
Telephones in offices, cars & airplanes
Memos, letters, and telegraphs

15. Element 5: Channel (Con’t)
Means of communication (3)
Fax
Electronic mail

16. Element 5: Channel (Con’t)
Environment
The atmosphere either physically or psychologically when the communication occurs
Influence the way the message is interpreted
Could be feelings, perceptions, attitude, characteristics of the location, decoration, size and colour in which the communication take place

17. Element 5: Channel (Con’t)
Interference / Barrier (1)
Anything that disturbs the transmitted intended message
Can be both in the form of internal (meaning of the message) and external (tone of the message)
Possible causes:-
Language differences
Badly expressed messages
Arguing or debating

18. Element 5: Channel (Con’t)
Interference / Barrier (2)
Lack of background information
Jumping to conclusions without waiting for the whole message
Distrust
Disinterest in the conversation
Fear
Not listening

19. Forms of Communication
Speech
Written
Symbols
Gestures

20. Types of Communication
Intrapersonal Communication
Interpersonal Communication
Small Group Communication

21. Types of Communication (con’t)
Intrapersonal Communication
Self talk
Purpose: to plan, rehearse, prompt to do / or not to do
Elements:-
- You are the only sender & receiver
- The message is made up of thoughts / feelings
- The channel: one’s brain
- The feedback: discard certain ideas and replace with new
ones
e.g. dreams, reading aloud to oneself, talking to yourself

22. Types of Communication (con’t)
Interpersonal Communication
A process of imparting messages between two or more individuals on a personal, face-to-face level
Uses all the elements of communication process
Offers the greatest opportunity for feedback
Usually takes place in informal and comfortable settings
e.g. - discussions
- conversations
- interviews

23. of Communication (con’t)
Small Group Communication
Refers to communication that occurs in groups that are approximately people
Small group communication generally takes place in a context that mixes interpersonal communication interactions with social clustering
e.g. work, social, influence
Types
of Communication (con’t)