1. Steroids

2. Endocrine System
Functions: Releases hormones to control growth, development, and metabolism Components: Glands and hormones (see image)

3. Hormones
- Chemical messengers (lipids or proteins) that travel through blood.
- Bind to receptors on/in target cells and change cell activities.
If a cell does not have a receptor for a hormone, it is not affected by the hormone.

4. Two Types of Hormones 1. Steroid hormones 2. Nonsteroid hormones
- Made from cholesterol (a lipid)
- Enter the nucleus, change gene expression.
- Examples: estrogen, testosterone
2. Nonsteroid hormones
Made of amino acids
Cause release of secondary messengers
that affect cell activities
- Examples: growth hormone, adrenaline

5. Glands
Glands are organs that produce hormones

6. Examples of Hormones Gland Gland Location Hormone(s) Released
Function of Hormone(s)
Pituitary
Base of brain
1. Growth hormone
2. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
3. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
1. Protein synthesis and cell replication
2. Production of eggs or sperm in reproductive organs
3. Cells in skin increase production of pigment (melanin)

7. Examples of Hormones Gland Gland Location Hormone(s) Released
Function of Hormone(s)
Adrenal
On top of kidneys
Aldosterone
Epinephrine/
Adrenaline
1. Regulates blood volume and pressure
2. “Flight or flight” response (increase heart rate, sweat production)

8. Examples of Hormones Gland Gland Location Hormone(s) Released
Function of Hormone(s)
Pancreas
Near kidneys (in abdomen)
Insulin
Glucagon
1. Increase glucose absorption by cells (lower blood sugar)
2. Causes liver and muscle cells to release glucose into blood (increase blood sugar)

9. Examples of Hormones Gland Gland Location Hormone(s) Released
Function of Hormone(s)
Thyroid and Parathyroid
Throat
1. Thyroxine
2. Calcitonin
3. Parathyroid hormone
Increases metabolism
2. Inhibits calcium absorption in small intestine; promotes calcium absorption in bones
3. Increases calcium levels in blood by causing calcium to be released from bone

10. Endocrine System Glands
1. With your partner, read about your glands. Refer to pages Complete the data table for your glands. 3. Be prepared to share!