1. Cellular Respiration

2. ATP: adenosine triphosphate
3 phosphate groups
Consists of:
a) amino group = adenine
b) sugar = ribose
c) 3 phosphate groups

4. Energy is stored in the phosphate bonds
Converting ATP to ADP releases energy
Then the cell needs to “re- charge” its batteries by attaching phosphates to
AMP & ADP to make ATP
1 phosphate P 3 P

5. Formula for respiration:
Reactants
Products

6. Importance of respiration:
Releases energy from breaking down food molecules
Cells need Energy
Occurs in mitochondria
Occurs in the presence of oxygen

7. 1. Glycolysis: means “sugar-breaking”
Glucose is broken into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid
(since glucose is 6 carbons, pyruvic acid has 3 carbons)

8. 1. Glycolysis: means “sugar-breaking”
Occurs in the cytoplasm
Uses energy (2 ATPs)
Produces a net gain of 2 ATPs
Produces 2 pairs of high energy electrons
Passed from NAD+  NADH

9. Overall Flow Chart 1. Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Fermentation
No Oxygen
Glycolysis
Oxygen
2a.
2b.
Krebs Cycle
Fermentation 3.
Electron Transport

10. 2a. Fermentation: occurs ONLY in cells that lack oxygen
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation

11. a) Lactic acid fermentation:
Produced in cells after glycolysis has occurred ONLY when there is NO oxygen present
Occurs in muscles during vigorous exercise  muscles burn/sore

12. b) Alcoholic Fermentation
After glycolysis when NO oxygen is present, pyruvic acid is broken down to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide instead of lactic acid.
Occurs in yeast and causes bread dough to rise

13. 2b. Krebs Cycle
Chemical bonds in pyruvic acid are broken apart in the mitochondria
Also called “citric acid cycle”
Releases CO2 that you then exhale in your breath
The electron carriers are NAD+ and FAD+

14. 3. Electron Transport Chain (Occurs across membranes of mitochondria)
The transfer of electrons is used to produce ATP from ADP
 Electron carriers are NADH and FADH2
 Oxygen is used to accept electrons to form H2O
 This is why we need oxygen!

15. Cellular respiration occurs in BOTH plant AND animal cells
*** Cellular respiration occurs in BOTH plant AND animal cells!!!! *** (This is different from external respiration – the inhalation and exhalation of air)

16. Total Breakdown of Glucose
2 ATP
Glucose
Occurs In Cytoplasm
Glycolysis
Glucose
Pyruvic Acid

17. Total Breakdown of Glucose
Krebs Cycle
2 ATP
Occurs In Mitochondria
Glucose
Pyruvic Acid
32 ATP
Total
36 ATP