1. Good Morning! Please grab a disorder chart on your way to your seat!
If you haven’t already finished them, take this time to work on the Key Terms on p. 409

2. PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
UNIT 8:
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

3. What is a Psychological Disorder?
Psychological Disorder – a harmful dysfunction in which behavior is judged to be unjustifiable, maladaptive, atypical, and disturbing (U.M.A.D.)

4. How do we label disorders?
DSM-IV –Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Volume IV
Five Axes:
Axis I: primary mental disorder, clinical syndromes
Axis II: Personality disorders
Axis III: general medical condition relevant to abnormal behavior
Axis IV: info on patient’s life circumstances
Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, rating of patient’s functioning

5. Two main types of disorders:
Neurosis – a psychological disorder that is distressing but allows one to think rationally and function socially
Psychosis – a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas an distorted perceptions

6. Pros and Cons of Labeling –
(C) labels affect how others perceive us; may lead to stigmatization
(C) self-fulfilling prophecy
(P) Help professionals communicate and do research

7. Disorders:
Generalized anxiety disorder – continuous, unexplainable anxiety
Panic disorder – Sudden episodes of intense dread (physiological response)

8. Specific Phobias – irrational fear of a specific object or situation
Agoraphobia – fear of having a panic attack in the wrong place or fear of open spaces (usually stay home)
Social phobia – fear of being scrutinized by others, avoid speaking up, eating out, going to parties
Other phobias – triskaidekaphobia (number 13), uxoriphobia (one’s wife), Santa Clautrophobia (getting stuck in chimneys), panaphobia (everything), phobophobia (fear of fear), anthophobia (flowers), trichophobia (hair), numerophobia (numbers)
Have any of your own?

9. Disorders:
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) – repetitive thoughts or actions Obsessions (repetitive thoughts) Vs. compulsions (repetitive behaviors) 4GV2zBt6a6XY8ORZ7OMvHPhMzh&index=1

10. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
–Recurring and intermittent episodes of anxiety following a traumatic stress event
---symptoms include: haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, depression

11. How do we explain anxiety?

12. Behavioralist Perspective:
Fear is conditioned. We learn to associate certain things with anxiety- causing events from our past.
Generalization – we may generalize. (bit by dog so you fear dogs; over time, you generalize and begin to fear cats too)
Reinforcement – escaping feared situation makes you feel better; this is reinforcing the fear behavior
Observational – we can learn fears from our parents and friends

13. Biological Perspective
People quickly acquire fears of some things (spiders, snakes, heights) and rarely acquire fears of other things (guns, electricity)
Compulsions are usually survival skills (grooming, checking locks, etc)
Twin studies support biological perspective
PET scans support biological perspective (higher activity in frontal lobe in OCD patients)