1. Musculoskeletal System
Lectures 9
lecture course: saeed alhussani

2. Are Bones Alive?
Absolutely. Old bones are dead, dry and brittle. But in the body, bones are very much alive. They have their own nerves and blood vessels, and they do various jobs, such as storing body minerals like calcium. Bones are made of a mix of hard stuff that gives them strength and tons of living cells which help them grow and repair themselves.

3. Skeletal System at a Glance
Functions of Skeletal System
Internal framework of body
Supports body
Protects internal organs
Point of attachment for muscles
Produces blood cells
Stores minerals
Organs of Skeletal System
Bones of the skeleton
Joints

4. Anatomy and Physiology
Bones are body organs with blood supply, nerves, and lymphatic vessels
Bones are connected to each other to form skeleton
Framework for the body
Babies have more than adults! At birth, you have about 300 bones. As you grow older, small bones join together to make big ones. Adults end up with about 206 bones
Red bone marrow within bones produces blood cells
Bones also:
Protect vital organs
Store minerals

5. Anatomy and Physiology
Organs of Skeletal System
Joint
Place where two bones meet
Held together by ligaments
Gives flexibility to skeleton

6. Bones Also called osseous tissue One of hardest materials in body
Formed from gradual process before birth called ossification
Cartilage
Strong flexible connective tissue
Osteoblasts
Immature bone cells
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells

7. Four Shapes of Bones Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones
Longer than wide
Example:
femur
humerus
Roughly as long as wide
carpals
tarsals
Plate- shaped
sternum
scapula
pelvis
Shape very irregular
vertebrae

8. Figure 4.1 – Classification of bones by shape.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 4.1 – Classification of bones by shape.

9. Long Bones
Majority of bones in body
Divided into:
Diaphysis
Epiphysis

10. Periosteum Covers surface of bone not covered by articular cartilage
Thin connective tissue membrane
Contains numerous nerve and lymphatic vessels

11. Compact Bone Also called cortical bone Very dense and hard
Outer layer of bone
Found in both epiphysis and diaphysis

12. Cancellous Bone Also called spongy bone Found inside bone
Has spaces containing red bone marrow
Manufactures blood cells

13. Figure 4.2 – Components of a long bone.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 4.2 – Components of a long bone.