1. 20TH CENTURY CHANGES IN GLOBAL ECONOMICS AND SOCIETIES
1900-present

2. THE PROMOTION OF GLOBAL CONNECTIONS

3. ORGANIZATIONS FORMED TO ENCOURAGE GLOBAL COOPERATION
League of Nations/United Nations
Universal Postal Union
International Telecommunications Union
International Olympic Committee

4. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS FORMED
World Bank
International Monetary Fund
Both promote sound banking principles and loan money to developing nations
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
World Trade Organization
Promoted free trade WTO replaced GATT
G7—G20
Represents the interests of the world’s largest economies

5. REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS DEVELOPED

6. EUROPEAN UNION – EU
Formed 1950s by 6 western European nations that wanted lower trade barriers
Created a common market to help compete against the US
Original goal – create a kind of “United States of Europe”
Name has changed… goals have not
1993 most of the 12 member nations went to a single monetary unit – euro
Except England

7. EU After the fall of the USSR EU asked these nations to join.
Now there are 27 nations in the EU
EU capital is Brussels, Belgium

8. NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT -- NAFTA
Created in response to the EU
Agreement between Canada, US, Mexico
Strictly economic, no political aspects

9. ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COMPANIES -- OPEC
Created in 1960s
Cartel or trade union of countries in Middle East, Africa and South America
Attempts to regulate the global price of oil
Arab members raised prices and reduced exports after the 1973 Arab-Israeli War
US supported Israel in this war, OPEC pushed to punish US
Showed how reliant US and the West on imported oil

10. MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS

11. Some based their industry in US, some in Europe
Trend that started in the 19th century exploded along with the world economy after WWII
Exxon
McDonald’s
General Motors
Coca-Cola
Some based their industry in US, some in Europe
Others sprung up in East Asia

12. GLOBAL HUMANITARIAN GROUPS

13. Amnesty International
The Red Cross
Amnesty International
Raises awareness of the plight of political prisoners
World Health Organization
Combats infectious diseases and promoting the general health of all citizens
UNICEF
Works for children’s rights and their survival, development and protections around the world

14. HUMAN RIGHTS

15. NUREMBERG TRIALS
1945
UN led trials of Nazi war criminals for crimes against humanity
Defendants were charged with violating basic human rights – Enlightenment principles
Those found guilty faced the death penalty

16. UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
1948 UN sponsored the adoption of UDHR
Echoed the premise of the Nuremburg Trials
Supports
freedom of speech, religion;
right to life, liberty and personal security;
freedom of movement from another country;
Right to a fair trial
Right to work and education
Even though ALL UN nations signed, some don’t fully exercise

17. CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS
1950s & 1960s African Americans pushed US gov’t to fulfill its constitutional promises
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. followed Gandhi’s nonviolent methods
This caused individuals in other nations to begin to call for civil rights as well
Lifting of Apartheid

18. WOMEN’S RIGHTS
Early 20th century Western women gained the right to vote
Other obstacles remained
Tied in to the Civil Rights movements, Western and Japanese women actively sought equal employment opportunities and social equality with men

19. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS CONTINUE INTO THE 21ST C
Children forced into armies in Sudan
Ethnic genocide in Rwanda killed almost 1 million
Women refused education by the Taliban in Afghanistan
China

20. CHANGES HAVE GLOBAL EFFECT

21. VATICAN II Modernized the Roman Catholic Church
Early 1960s Pope John XXIII called for updates to the outdated doctrine
More participation of non-clergy in services
Mass did not have to be in Latin