1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Organization of the Periodic Table
Columns – vertical groups of elements on the Periodic Table.
There are 18 columns of elements
Columns of elements are called groups or families
8 main group or “A” Families (1A – 8A)
10 secondary group or “B” Families
Elements in a particular group or family are related to each other by their similar (not identical) chemical and/or physical properties.
Periods – horizontal groups of elements on the Periodic Table
There are 7 periods on the Periodic Table
Elements in the same period are not alike in physical/chemical properties
The first element in a period is always an extremely reactive solid
The last element in a period is a non-reactive gas
Period # = the total number of energy levels (n)
Every element in a period has the same number of energy levels
1A 2A A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A

2. 3 Types of elements are on the Periodic Table
Metals – Of the 113 known elements, 90 are metals or metal like elements.
Where do we find them?
The “Zig zag”– Elements to the left of this line are metals.
Physical Properties of Metals
Metals have luster (shiny)
Conduct heat and electricity
Most are solids (few liquids)
Have high melting points
Most metals are ductile (can be drawn into thin wires)
Most metals are malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets)
Chemical Properties of Metals
Metals like to lose electrons when reacting with nonmetal elements

3. Nonmetals – Elements located to the right of the zig zag line
Physical Properties of Nonmetals
Nonmetals are dull (not shiny)
Poor conductors
Are not ductile or malleable
Can be a solid, liquid, or gas
Chemical Properties of Nonmetals
Elements in the 18th group are non reactive
Other Nonmetals like to gain electrons from metals
Metalloids – Elements located on either side of the zig zag
Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals
All metalloids are solids
They can be shiny or dull
They conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as metals
They are ductile and malleable