1. Properties, Changes, and Classification of Matter

2. Some terms we need to know
Qualitative
It is the NON-NUMERICAL definition of describing a property
The room is bright
Mr. Chio is heavy
Mr. Chio is fat
My Chemistry 11 mark will be awesome!
Quantitative
It is the NUMERICAL value of describing a property
Mr. Chio weighs 300lbs!
The room is 10m across
My Chemistry 11 mark will be 110%

3. Some terms we need to know
Observation
Is the qualitative information we gather using our senses
Data
Is the quantitative information we gather through measurement
Interpretation
Is an attempt to put meaning into our observation
Description
Is the list of properties of something
Experiment
Is the test or a procedure that is carried out to discover a result

4. Some terms we need to know
Hypothesis
A statement that is yet to be tested
If I stomp on the floor, then the person downstairs will get mad
Not yet tested, but I am making an educated guess that is testable. SO IT MUST BE ABLE TO BE TESTED!

5. Some terms we need to know
Theory
A set of hypothesis that has happened and comes from observations of the natural world
So if I stomped and we all stomped everyday, the person downstairs will get mad.
We can say our theory of stomping is that the person downstairs will get mad!

6. Some terms we need to know
Law
Will state the results of an experiment and state what will happen in specific situations
This is usually taken as fact
This is ALWAYS TRUE
Boyle’s Law – think of a balloon
When pressure increases, volume decreases
When pressure decreases, volume increases

7. Practice - 1
Page 43 - #1-11

8. What is matter? Anything that has a mass and takes up a volume
Mass – The amount of matter in a substance
Volume – The amount of space a substance takes up
Water, humans, desks, chairs, schools, air

9. What is a substance?
A substance is something with a unique, yet identifiable set of properties
Two different substances must have different sets of properties
Silver and nickel may look similar, but they have different properties
Therefore, they are different substances

10. Physical Property
Physical property of a pure substance is anything that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
This is any property where you use your 5 senses.
Colour, state, hardness, density etc etc
Intensive – depends upon the nature of the substance. Does not have to do with amount
Melting points and boiling points, density
Does not change when you have less or more.
Extensive – Has to do with amount and will change the property
Mass and volume as the more you have, the more it weighs and take up space.

11. Types of physical properties
Hardness
The ability of a solid to resist abrasion or scratching
Malleability
The ability to be bent
Ductility
The ability to be shaped into a wire
Lustre
The shininess of a surface
Viscosity
The resistance to flow
Diffusion
The intermingling of fluids as they flow

12. Boiling Temperature (boiling point)
Vapour pressure
Is the pressure created by the vapour evaporating from a liquid
Boiling Temperature (boiling point)
The temperature in which a liquid turns into a gas
Melting Temperature (melting point)
The temperature in which a solid turns into a liquid

13. Chemical Property
Is the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions and change into a new substance.
Hydrogen when it reacts and burns will create water.
So hydrogen's chemical property is it can burn and turn into water.

14. Practice - 2
Page 44 – #13-15

15. What is matter? Matter is anything that takes up space and has a mass
Solid – Particles that are very ordered and are not able to compress. Elements do not slide pass each other.
Liquid – Particles with greater kinetic energy, but still not able to compress. Particles slide pass each other. They take up the shape of their container.
Gas – Particles with wide separation from one another and can be compressed due to the space around them. They take up the shape of their container.

16. Solids Very Ordered Interlocked Vibration only
Does not slide pass each other
Cannot be compressed

17. Liquids Assumes the shape of the container
Slides and flows pass each other
Not easily compressible

18. Gases Flows very easily Particles far apart
Assumes the shape AND volume of container
Note, liquids do not always assume the volume of container
Compressible
Moves at high speeds

19. Simulation time!
States of Matter

20. Exotic states? Plasma Superfluid
Is a gas made of charged particles such as electrons and naked atomic nuclei at very high temperature
Lightning, stars, etc etc
Superfluid
Is a specific type of helium that has no frictional forces and can keep moving and never slow down.

21. Classification of Matter
A system is part of the universe being studied in a given situation
So a beaker can be the system
A phase is any part of the system which composition and properties are the same
So a coin in water will be two phases. The water and the coin are two distinct things

22. Classification of Matter
Element
Is a substance which cannot be broken into a simpler substance
Silver metal, copper pipes, oxygen gas
Atom
Is the smallest possible unit of an element
Silver, copper, oxygen
Molecule
Is two or more atoms held together
Water, Carbon Dioxide
Ion
Is an atom or molecule which is charged
Sodium ion, chlorine ion
Compound
Is the pure substance of multiple atoms joined together.
Salt is made up of NaCl and are all the same.

23. See classification handout

24. Some more terms to know! Solvent Solute
The component of a solution that exist in greater quantity
Solute
The component of a solution that exist in lower quantity
Solutions in which the water is the solvent are called aqueous solutions (aq) for short

25. Practice - 3
Page 52 - #33-44