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Scientific Method
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What is the Scientific Method?
It’s a way to solve a problem with an organized set of investigation procedures. The Scientific Method (Lyrical Life Science) audio clip
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What are the Steps of the Scientific Method?
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Step #1 Identify and State the problem
Usually in the form of a question
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Step #2 Gather Information Research to find facts
Facts – something already known or observable or true
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Step #3 Form a Hypothesis Suggested solution to a problem
An unproven theory An educated guess A testable prediction
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Step #4 Perform an Experiment Use variables and controls
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Step #5 Make Observations and Record Data
Data – facts collected during an experiment 2 Types of Data: Qualitative Data Quantitative Data
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2 Types of Data: Qualitative Data - uses numbers
Quantitative Data – uses words
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Step #6 Organize and Analyze Data Tables Graphs (bar, pie, line)
Charts Diagrams
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Step #7 Make Conclusions Summary that explains the data
Does data support the hypothesis? Answers the question.
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What's next? Scientist share their results with others by publishing their results. Scientist can make mistakes or errors and need to redo their experiments.
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Re-test and try again if necessary
There is not a set sequence. I will not ask you to remember the order since you can begin at almost any step. However, you do need to know the steps involved.
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Law vs. Theory Law – Statement that seems to be true all the time (until we identify a situation where it can no longer be true). Often is described using equations in physical science. Theory – a set of ideas, concepts, principles or methods used to explain a wide set of observed facts “science is built up with facts, as a house is with stones. But a collection of facts is no more a science than a heap of stones is a house” - Jules Henri Poincare’ (1905)
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What's in an GOOD experiment?
Control group – the standard of comparison Constant (s) – a factor(s) that do not change when other variables change Variables – factors being tested
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Two Types of Variables:
Independent Variable – Cause Experimenter controls/manipulates this What you are testing Dependent Variable – Effect – (what is affected by the independent variable?) Measurable – (Ask yourself - what are you observing or measuring?) Countable
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