1. Sentence Structure: Sentence Types

2. Basic Elements of Every Sentence
SUBJECT
PREDICATE

3. Basic Elements
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
Mary
plays tennis.

4. Simple Sentence
A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate.

5. SIMPLE SENTENCE SUBJECT PREDICATE Mary plays tennis.
one subject one predicate

6. SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subjectOR
SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject
Tom and Mary play tennis.

7. SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject and compound predicateOR
SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject and compound predicate
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.

8. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence has more than one part that can stand alone (independent clauses).
Independent clauses are connected by coordinating conjunctions, or conjunctive adverbs.

9. COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT OR
YET SO
Write these in your JAR
FANBOYS

10. COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
COMPOUND = IND + COMMA+ CC+ IND
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Clause Clause 2
Independent Independent

11. COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE

12. COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
COMPOUND = IND + SEMICOLON+ CA+ COMMA + IND
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Clause Clause 2
Independent Independent

13. Elements of a Short Story and Characterization

14. A short story is a work of fiction that is usually written in prose, often in narrative format.

15. Definition of a Short Story
Tells about a single event or experience
Fictional (not true)
500 to 15,000 words in length
It has a beginning, middle, and end
Creates an impression on the reader

16. OVERVIEW
Short stories often contain structural and character elements that should be familiar to you. These elements can be used as guides to help you think about the actions, themes, and contexts of the story.

17. Elements of a Short Story
Plot
- exposition statement
- rising action
- conflict
- climax
- falling action
- resolution
Theme
Setting
Characters
Point of view
Characterization

18. THEME
The main idea or the “message” the writer intends to communicate by telling the story.
SETTING
The time and place in which a work of literature happens.

19. CHARACTERS POINT OF VIEW The people (or actors) in the story.
The story teller from whose point of view the story is being told, the narrator.

20. CHARACTERIZATION
The description of the personalities of the characters in the story and the way in which an author reveals their personalities.

21. PLOT
The sequence or order of events in a story through which the writer reveals what is happening, to whom, and why. The plot includes:
Exposition Statement - The part of the plot that tells how the story begins.
Rising Action - The action in the story leading up to the climax.
Conflict - Struggles or problems between opposing forces.

22. More PLOT
Climax - The point of crisis in the plot. It may be the reader’s point of highest interest.
Falling action - The action in the story after the climax is revealed.
Resolution - The part of the plot that reveals the final outcome.

23. PLOT DIAGRAM Climax Rising Action Conflict Exposition Resolution
Falling Action
Exposition
Resolution

24. Characterization

25. What is characterization?
It is the process that authors use to develop or describe a character in a story. It can be: Direct: Author describes directly what the character is like. Indirect characterization. Author uses different methods of characterization. ex: S.T.E.A.L

26. S.T.E.A.L
Speech
What does the character say? How does the character speak?
Thoughts
What is revealed through the character’s private thoughts and feelings?
Effect on others toward the character.
What is revealed through the character’s effect on other people? How do other characters feel or behave in reaction to the character? What do other characters say or think about the character.
Actions
What does the character do? How does the character behave?
Looks
What does the character look like? How does the character dress?

27. Direct and Indirect Characterization
Some words that authors use to describe characters directly are:
bossy helpful scared
brave honest happy
careful kind neat
friendly proud mean
hard-working shy nice
funny wise angry