1. Industry Comes of Age

2. Spanning the Continent with Rails
Union Pacific Railroad
Commissioned to build trans-continental railroad
Credit Mobilier Scandal
Overcharged for railroad building
Used bribes to congress
Central Pacific Railroad
Built tracks from California to meet with the Union Pacific tracks
Immigrant Labor
Both companies relied on immigrant labor
Irish and Chinese

3. Revolution by Railways
Helped unite the nation
Opened up trade
Fueled Industrialization
Opened new markets
Fueled steel industry
Fueled immigration

4. Government controls the Railroads
Railroads filled with Coruption and Greed
Interstate Commerce Act
Federal regulation of railroads
Created Interstate Commerce Commision
To enforce rules
Helped stabilize the Railroad Industry

5. Causes for Industrialization
More wealth available
Massive Immigration
American Indenuity
Eli Whitney
Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts
Alexander Graham Bell
Telephone
Thomas Edison
Electric Lightbulb

6. Andrew Carnegie Controlled every phase of Steel Production
Vertical Integration (Vertical Monopoly)
Control all phases of manufacturing
“Gospel of Wealth”
Wealthy had moral responsibility to society

7. John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Company
Controlled oil refineries
Horizontal Integration (Horizontal Monopoly)
Also known as trusts
Control all of one phase of manufacturing by buying out or bringing together many firms

8. The Supremacy of Steel
Railroads and new machines fueled steel industry
Bessemer Process
Greatly reduced the time it took to produce steel

9. Social Darwinism
Survival of the Fittest applied to society/business

10. Government Tackles the Evil Trust
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Forbid Monopolies
Forbid combination of companies that would result in restraining trade or commmerce
Not very effective

11. Impact of Industrialization
General increase in wealth
Urbanization
Factory System
New roles for Women
Poor working/living conditions

12. In Union there is Strength
Causes for Unions
Poor Working Conditions
Low Wages
Needed voice over factory owners
Unions
Workers organize to improve working conditions

13. Knights of Labor Union welcomed many different groups
Wanted safer working conditions and 8 hour work days
Strikes
Gave unions power over factory owners
Haymarket Square Riot
Bomb set off during demonstration
Knights of Labor lose influence
American Federation of Labor
Split from the Knights to form new union