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Chapter 8: The Making of Medieval Europe
I. Early Medieval History
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Clovis and the Franks Franks gradually became most powerful of the Germanic peoples Clovis “King of the Franks” Outward conversion to Christianity
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Mayors of the Palace Merovingian House Mayors of the palace
“Do-nothing kings” Mayors of the palace The real power behind the throne Increased responsibilities
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Mayors of the Palace Pepin II Charles Martel Pepin the Short
Battle of Tours Pepin the Short Appealed to pope Seized the throne Conquered Lombards Donation of Pepin
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The Empire of Charlemagne
“Charles the Great” His Character A large man Possessed many virtues Vices
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The Empire of Charlemagne
His Conquests Lombards Saxons and Avars Spanish Muslims Administrative districts Counties run by counts Missi dominici
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The Empire of Charlemagne
His Crowning Christmas Day, 800 Pope Leo III Raised the question of whose authority was supreme: state or church?
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A Revival of Learning Promoting education Aachen Alcuin
Desire for a better-educated clergy Monasteries and manuscripts Carolingian miniscule
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Disintegration of Charlemagne’s Empire
Problems from Within Louis the Pious His three sons fought over his kingdom
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Disintegration of Charlemagne’s Empire
Treaty of Verdun (843) Charles the Bald: West Frankland Louis the German: East Frankland Lothair: the land in the middle Successors were weak
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Disintegration of Charlemagne’s Empire
Problems from Without Muslim raiders Magyars Vikings
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Chapter 8: The Making of Medieval Europe
II. Early Medieval Culture
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The Feudal System Development of feudalism Lords Landholding nobles
Fiefs Often hereditary Vassals Subinfeudation
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The Feudal System Relationships and Obligations Homage Investiture
Lord guaranteed protection and justice Vassal duties
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The Feudal System Life of the Nobility Castle Knight
Served many functions Primarily for defensive purposes Knight Eventually restricted to nobility
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The Feudal System Knight Page Squire Special ceremony Chivalry
Influence of the Catholic Church
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The Feudal System Knight Peace of God Truce of God Tournaments
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The Manor Where most people lived Center of medieval society
Self-contained community Lords Skilled workers Peasants
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The Manor Varied by locality and soil Varied by size
Usually a central village Lord’s residence Village church
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The Manor Activities Work Farming The lord’s demesne Two-field system
Three-field system
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The Manor Class structure Clergy Nobility Peasantry Freemen
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The Manor Serfs Week work Major holidays
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The Medieval Church One stable institution Meanings of “church”
Local assembly of believers The universal church “Catholic” The bishop of Rome
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The Medieval Church Head of the Church Five patriarchates
Church at Rome grew in power and prestige Reasons Petrine Theory Gregory I Purgatory
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The Medieval Church Teaching of the Church Copying of Scripture
Church tradition had equal authority with Scripture Mix of truth and error Sacramental system
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Seven Sacraments Baptism initiates one into the church by washing away original sin. Confirmation brings one into full fellowship with the church and confers on him the Holy Spirit.
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Seven Sacraments 3. Penance, which includes contrition, confession, satisfaction, and absolution 4. Holy Eucharist (Holy Communion) Mass Transubstantiation
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Seven Sacraments Matrimony Holy Orders Extreme Unction (last rites)
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The Medieval Church Teaching of the Church
No one can be saved without sacraments Only the Roman Catholic Church could administer the sacraments
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The Medieval Church Leaders of the Church Clergy Laity
Reasons for participating
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The Medieval Church Leaders of the Church Secular clergy
Regular clergy Benedictine Rule Medieval missionaries Patrick Boniface
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