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Chapter 8: The Making of Medieval Europe

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1 Chapter 8: The Making of Medieval Europe
I. Early Medieval History

2 Clovis and the Franks Franks gradually became most powerful of the Germanic peoples Clovis “King of the Franks” Outward conversion to Christianity

3 Mayors of the Palace Merovingian House Mayors of the palace
“Do-nothing kings” Mayors of the palace The real power behind the throne Increased responsibilities

4 Mayors of the Palace Pepin II Charles Martel Pepin the Short
Battle of Tours Pepin the Short Appealed to pope Seized the throne Conquered Lombards Donation of Pepin

5 The Empire of Charlemagne
“Charles the Great” His Character A large man Possessed many virtues Vices

6 The Empire of Charlemagne
His Conquests Lombards Saxons and Avars Spanish Muslims Administrative districts Counties run by counts Missi dominici

7 The Empire of Charlemagne
His Crowning Christmas Day, 800 Pope Leo III Raised the question of whose authority was supreme: state or church?

8 A Revival of Learning Promoting education Aachen Alcuin
Desire for a better-educated clergy Monasteries and manuscripts Carolingian miniscule

9 Disintegration of Charlemagne’s Empire
Problems from Within Louis the Pious His three sons fought over his kingdom

10 Disintegration of Charlemagne’s Empire
Treaty of Verdun (843) Charles the Bald: West Frankland Louis the German: East Frankland Lothair: the land in the middle Successors were weak

11 Disintegration of Charlemagne’s Empire
Problems from Without Muslim raiders Magyars Vikings

12 Chapter 8: The Making of Medieval Europe
II. Early Medieval Culture

13 The Feudal System Development of feudalism Lords Landholding nobles
Fiefs Often hereditary Vassals Subinfeudation

14 The Feudal System Relationships and Obligations Homage Investiture
Lord guaranteed protection and justice Vassal duties

15 The Feudal System Life of the Nobility Castle Knight
Served many functions Primarily for defensive purposes Knight Eventually restricted to nobility

16 The Feudal System Knight Page Squire Special ceremony Chivalry
Influence of the Catholic Church

17 The Feudal System Knight Peace of God Truce of God Tournaments

18 The Manor Where most people lived Center of medieval society
Self-contained community Lords Skilled workers Peasants

19 The Manor Varied by locality and soil Varied by size
Usually a central village Lord’s residence Village church

20 The Manor Activities Work Farming The lord’s demesne Two-field system
Three-field system

21 The Manor Class structure Clergy Nobility Peasantry Freemen

22 The Manor Serfs Week work Major holidays

23 The Medieval Church One stable institution Meanings of “church”
Local assembly of believers The universal church “Catholic” The bishop of Rome

24 The Medieval Church Head of the Church Five patriarchates
Church at Rome grew in power and prestige Reasons Petrine Theory Gregory I Purgatory

25 The Medieval Church Teaching of the Church Copying of Scripture
Church tradition had equal authority with Scripture Mix of truth and error Sacramental system

26 Seven Sacraments Baptism initiates one into the church by washing away original sin. Confirmation brings one into full fellowship with the church and confers on him the Holy Spirit.

27 Seven Sacraments 3. Penance, which includes contrition, confession, satisfaction, and absolution 4. Holy Eucharist (Holy Communion) Mass Transubstantiation

28 Seven Sacraments Matrimony Holy Orders Extreme Unction (last rites)

29 The Medieval Church Teaching of the Church
No one can be saved without sacraments Only the Roman Catholic Church could administer the sacraments

30 The Medieval Church Leaders of the Church Clergy Laity
Reasons for participating

31 The Medieval Church Leaders of the Church Secular clergy
Regular clergy Benedictine Rule Medieval missionaries Patrick Boniface


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