Weather and Climate Unit

Weather and Climate Unit
Part 1

Weather: The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with respect to variables such as…
- Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Climate: The average weather of a particular part of the world at different times of the year.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Think about the perfect outdoor wedding for a minute.

“Weather is what you get.”

“Weather is what you get.” “Climate is what you expect.”

The Atmosphere: A starting point

This thin layer is our atmosphere.

Atmosphere: The layer of gases surrounding Earth; composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.

Atmosphere: The layer of gases surrounding Earth; composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.
Thin Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The atmosphere is like the fog from a breath on an apple.

Thin and vulnerable to change

Importance of the atmosphere

Keeps planet warm (sort of like a Greenhouse Effect)

The Moon does not have an atmosphere

The Moon does not have an atmosphere and is extremely cold in the shade,

The Moon does not have an atmosphere and is extremely cold in the shade, and extremely hot in the sun.

Provides oxygen to breathe

Protects us from small meteors.

Has ozone that protects us from radiation (UV).

Without atmosphere, smell, taste, sound, and combustion are not possible.

The atmosphere is made of

Title: Layers of the Atmosphere
Spread these 5 bullets out over a page. Draw relevant things after titling layer.- - Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Caution! Notes are going from the top up and not top down.

Title: Layers of the Atmosphere
Spread these 5 bullets out over a page. Draw relevant things after titling layer.- - Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Troposphere: Weather occurs here.

Life occurs here Troposphere: Weather occurs here.

Most air travel Troposphere: Weather occurs here.

Stratosphere: Ozone found here.

Mesosphere: Meteors burn up here

Thermosphere: Space shuttle orbited here, Aurora borealis

Thermosphere: Space shuttle orbited here, Aurora borealis
Term Ionosphere is region where solar radiation is Ionized, Thermo, Meso, and Exosphere Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Exosphere: Merges with space, some satellites can be found here.

Exosphere: Merges with space, some satellites can be found here.
Layers of the atmosphere. Learn more at… Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Practice before the quiz!

Practice before the quiz!
Layers of the atmosphere. Learn more at…

Quiz 1-5 Name the layer of the atmosphere.
Word Bank: Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

1 Thermosphere

Exosphere 2

Fly in lower stratosphere
3 Upper Troposphere Some aircraft can Fly in lower stratosphere

4 Thermosphere

4 Term Ionosphere is region where solar radiation is Ionized, Thermo, Meso, and Exosphere Thermosphere

5 Lower Troposphere

The layers of the atmosphere are determined by temperature differences

Caution! Read the next slide from the bottom up.
Not from the top down!

Caution! Read the next slide from the bottom up.
Not from the top down! Remember, Layers determined by their temperature. Each time the atmosphere warms up, there must be something that is warming it. The closer you get to the thing warming it up, the more you can feel the heat. The further away you get from that heat source, the cooler the air becomes.

Very hot in space when sun hits you.
Gets colder again with few air molecules as you go toward space Gets warmer in stratosphere because sun’s radiation is strong because not blocked out. As you go up Mt. Everest there is less air particles so it gets colder. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Gets colder again with few air molecules as you go toward space Gets warmer in stratosphere because sun’s radiation is strong because not blocked out. As you go up Mt. Everest there is less air particles so it gets colder. troposphere is hotter near the Earth’s surface because heat from the Earth warms this air. As the altitude increases the number of air molecules decreases, thus the average of their kinetic energy decreases. The results is a decrease in air temperature with an increase of altitude. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Gets colder again with few air molecules as you go toward space Gets warmer in stratosphere because sun’s radiation is strong because not blocked out. As you go up Mt. Everest there is less air particles so it gets colder. The Stratosphere has a layer of ozone, called the ozone layer. This layer absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. This results in the stratosphere being warmer. troposphere is hotter near the Earth’s surface because heat from the Earth warms this air. As the altitude increases the number of air molecules decreases, thus the average of their kinetic energy decreases. The results is a decrease in air temperature with an increase of altitude. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Gets colder again with few air molecules as you go toward space Gets warmer in stratosphere because sun’s radiation is strong because not blocked out. As you go up Mt. Everest there is less air particles so it gets colder. The Mesosphere, like the troposphere layer, has a decrease in temperature with altitude because of the decreases in the density of the air molecules. The Stratosphere has a layer of ozone, called the ozone layer. This layer absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. This results in the stratosphere being warmer. troposphere is hotter near the Earth’s surface because heat from the Earth warms this air. As the altitude increases the number of air molecules decreases, thus the average of their kinetic energy decreases. The results is a decrease in air temperature with an increase of altitude. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Thermosphere is warmed by the absorption of solar X-rays by the nitrogen and oxygen molecules in this outer layer. Thus, the temperature of this layer increases with altitude. The Mesosphere, like the troposphere layer, has a decrease in temperature with altitude because of the decreases in the density of the air molecules. The Stratosphere has a layer of ozone, called the ozone layer. This layer absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. This results in the stratosphere being warmer. troposphere is hotter near the Earth’s surface because heat from the Earth warms this air. As the altitude increases the number of air molecules decreases, thus the average of their kinetic energy decreases. The results is a decrease in air temperature with an increase of altitude. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Gas made of 3 oxygen atoms (O3). OZONE

Gas made of 3 oxygen atoms (O3).

Ozone is a good thing in the upper stratosphere.

New Area of Focus: Air Pressure, The factor that controls the weather.

Air is made of matter. Matter has mass and takes up space.

Simple demonstration to see if air has weight.

“Ouch!” “Air molecules are everywhere.”

Air Pressure: The pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere.

Air pressure applies a force equal in all directions.

As elevation increases,

As elevation increases, air pressure decreases.

As you increase in elevation

As you increase in elevation…
air pressure decreases.

As you increase in elevation…
Air pressure decreases.

Low Pressure

Low Pressure Higher Pressure

New area of Focus Where does the Weather Engine get it’s Energy? The Sun!

Where does this Weather Engine get it’s Water? The Hydrologic Cycle!

Watch this VIDEO for a great explanation of Atmospheric layers, the Sun’s energy cycle, and the Hydrologic cycle..

Weather and Climate Unit

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