1. The Crusades

2. Launching the Crusades
Crusades- series of religious wars
Holy Land- Jerusalem and the land around it
Jews, Muslims, and Christians all considered the land holy
Christians- it was the birth place of Jesus
Believed that Christ would only return if Christians controlled Jerusalem

3. Muslims Control the Holy Land
1000’s Muslims control the Holy Land
Turkish Muslims conquests in Europe
Stories of persecuting Christians
Turks attacked Byzantine Empire
1071 Turks destroy most of Byzantine army

4. Causes of Crusades
1. Pope Urban believed that the Crusades would increase his power and reunite Eastern and Western Churches
2. Christians believed their sins would be forgiven if they fought
3. Nobles hoped to gain wealth and land
4. Adventurers saw it as a chance for travel and excitement
5. Serfs wanted to escape feudal oppression

5. First Crusade 1096 - two groups go to take back Jerusalem
First group made up of peasants
Unskilled warriors did not do well
Some crusaders attacked non-Christians
Slaughtered entire Jewish communities
Peasants quickly beaten at Jerusalem by the Turks

6. First Crusade Second group was knights Unprepared for hardship
Lack of food and water
Some knights looted towns

7. First Crusade Took 3 years to reach Jerusalem
Laid siege to many cities
Siege of Jerusalem victory for Crusaders
Disaster for city’s inhabitants
Crusaders created four states
Christian strongholds

8. Third Crusade 30 years after the second
Saladin-overthrew the Fatimids and controlled the Muslims. Took the title of Sultan
Saladin wanted to take back Crusader states
Drove Christians out of Jerusalem
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9. Third Crusade
Richard the Lion Hearted of England fought in the Holy War
Saladin and Richard respected each other
Richard sister to marry Saladin’s brother
Richard was unable to take back Jerusalem from Saladin

10. Effects of the Crusades
Economic changes
Trade increased
Spices, textiles, and goods brought to Europe
Changed economy of the Middle Ages (based on money, not land)
Political changes
Feudalism was weakened
Kings had more power
Social changes
Brought knowledge of Muslim culture back
Different religions began hating each other
Persecution of Jews all over Europe
Religious Changes
Gap between Eastern and Western churches widened

11. The Crusades
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