1. Micropipettes

2. Micropipette Parts

3. Micropipette Display Window

4. Gel Electrophoresis

5. Molecules Molecules vary in size, shape and charge
DNA has a negative charge due to the phosphate groups
10,000 bp DNA piece
250 bp DNA piece
700 bp DNA piece

6. Gel Electrophoresis
Acts as a molecular strainer, separating molecules based upon size, shape and charge
Smaller fragments travel faster and farther away from the wells than larger fragments

7. Gel Electrophoresis

8. Larger
Fragments
Smaller
Fragments

9. Agarose Gel Tray

10. Agarose Gel Tray

11. Gel Box with Buffer

12. More About Gel Electrophoresis
Two most common gels are agarose and polyacrylamide
Buffer: stabilizes pH, maintains molecule shape, and conducts electricity

13. Gel Stains
Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) – glows orange when exposed to UV light
Methylene Blue – dark blue bands
SYBR® Safe – glows green
GelGreen
GelRed