1. 8. Jeffersonian Ascendancy: Theory and Practice of Government
Thomas Jefferson
and
James Madison

2. Revolution of 1800
New president had a completely different vision of America from the Federalists whom he replaced.
“We are all Republicans,
we are all Federalists.”

3. As President
Jefferson was one of the most brilliant men ever to serve as president.
Instituted many “Republican” policies during his two terms as president.
Soon found that he had to compromise some of his ideas with the “Federalists”

4. Support for Federalist Concepts in 1st term
Maintained national bank and debt-repayment plan (Hamilton)
Maintained neutrality (Washington & Adams)

5. Support for Jeffersonian ideas in 1st Term
Limited central government
Reduced size of military
Eliminated a number of federal jobs

6. Settling the Western Areas
Met with resistance from Native Americans
Most significant was the resistance of the followers of Tenskwatawa (Prophet) and his brother, Tecumseh.

7. Cities Were Growing Centers for trade Coastal cities for shipping
Still a few years from industrial revolution.

8. Concerned about constitutionality
Most Important Event
Louisiana Purchase
1803 for $15,000,000
Concerned about constitutionality
Realized the importance of controlling the Port of New Orleans and the Mississippi River.

9. Lewis and Clark Expedition
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
Explore the Missouri River to find route to Pacific Ocean
Sacajawea
York

10. Barbary War
Pirates were demanding tribute to trade in the Mediterranean
Jefferson sends fleet to stop it
Naval Blockade brings an end to tension

11. John Marshall Court Strengthens the power of the Judiciary
Marbury v. Madison
Establishes the precedent of “judicial review”.
Declares the Judicial Act of 1789 to be unconstitutional

12. Infamous Career of Aaron Burr
Once considered an important leader
Served as Jefferson’s VP during his first term
Kill Alexander Hamilton in a duel
Attempts to take over sections of the country
Finally charged with treason.

13. Case Heard by Marshall Court
Marshall insisted on a narrow interpretation of treason requiring two witnesses for each count
Marshall, a Federalist was unlikely to support Jefferson
Burr is acquired
Inadvertently protected the civil liberties of all Americans

14. Slave Trade Attempted to outlaw foreign slave trade in 1807
Act was relatively ineffective
Great Britain outlaws slavery in 1807 and trade lessens considerably

15. Napoleonic Wars Impacts US / England / France
Neutral rights – The United States did not want to be involved in the Napoleonic War
Impressments: British navy was capturing our ships and taking sailors

16. Jefferson’s Response
Embargo: American ships will not trade with any foreign port
Attempt to punish Britain/failed
Greatest hardship on American merchants

17. Nation Divided
Jefferson thought his policy of “peaceable coercion” would win
Nation was now divided over the issue of embargo
Northerners hated it
New England thought it was crazy
Brief revival of the Federalist Party

18. James Madison Served from 1809 – 1816
Continued to deal with the same problems that plagued Jefferson
His European Embargo also fails

19. War of 1812
US entered the War of 1812 because President Madison convinced the nation that America’s rights as a neutral power had been violated and because many in Congress felt that the British were encouraging the resistance by Native American tribes.

20. American Strategy Napoleon to win in Europe Seize Canada
Pressure would be on Great Britain to give in to our desires.

21. British Strategy Capture Washington D.C.
Control New Orleans and the Mississippi River

22. Opposition to the War Centered in the New England states
Impressments was minor inconvenience
Loss of trade was more important
You can always build a new capital
Led to the Hartford Convention

23. Hartford Convention December, 1814 Hartford, Connecticut
Limited talk of secession
Demanded constitutional
amendments
Population based on
white males
2/3s majority necessary to declare war
Limit the president to one term
War is over before anything is decided.
Leap or No Leap

24. Treaty of Ghent Signed on Christmas Eve, 1814 Halt to hostilities
Return of all conquered territory to the prewar claimant
Recognition of the prewar boundary between Canada and the United States
No mention of the violation of neutral rights.

25. Battle of New Orleans Biggest victory of the war
Occurred after the treaty was signed
Made Andrew Jackson a national hero

26. Results of the War of 1812 U.S. gained respect of other countries
Gave up idea of obtaining Canada
Their support of the Hartford Convention doomed the Federalist Party
Nullification and secession inspired South
American industry grew
War heroes dominate political scene
Growth of American nationalism