1. Respiration
Chapter 9

2. Breathing Lungs Muscle cells Cellular respiration
Figure 6.4

3. Cellular Respiration The exact opposite of photosynthesis.
The process by which living organisms get energy by breaking down carbohydrates.
This important job is the responsibility of the mitochondria.

4. Ruby Lu’s cells are doing respiration ALL the time, even when she is sleeping! The bears are not living, so no respiration!

5. Ruby & Bella playing means more energy is needed, so more cellular respiration!

6. Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview
Mitochondrion
Electrons carried in NADH
Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2
Pyruvic acid
Glucose
Electron Transport Chain
Krebs Cycle
Glycolysis
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm

7. The Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration
A common fuel molecule for cellular respiration is glucose
This is the overall equation for what happens to glucose during cellular respiration
Carbon
dioxide
Water
Energy
Glucose
Oxygen
Unnumbered Figure 6.1

8. Cellular Respiration Three Stages Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle (Kreb’s Cycle)
Electron transport chain

9. Glycolysis Glycolysis is an anaerobic reaction
Glucose is broken in half producing 2 pyruvic acid
These molecules release 4 ATP’s.
Unfortunately, glycolysis requires 2 ATP’s to get started so it is not very efficient.

10. To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain

11. To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain

12. To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
9-1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain

13. NAD High energy electrons created in glycolysis is passed to NAD
Occurs very quickly in a reaction.
Glycolysis would stop if no NAD was present to carry the electrons.

14. Oxygen Respiration can occur with or without oxygen.
When there is no oxygen, you have two entirely different sets of reactions dependent on what type of organism you are.

15. Alcoholic Fermentation
Occurs in yeast cells and some other organisms.
Occurs when there is no oxygen.
This is what causes bread to rise when being baked.
This is also how we get wine and beer.

16. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Occurs in animal cells
Occurs when there is little or no oxygen
What causes the burning sensation in muscles.
Used in dairy industry to make cheese & yogurt

17. Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation
Section 9-1
Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic acid
Glucose
Pyruvic acid

18. Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation
Section 9-1
Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic acid
Glucose
Pyruvic acid

19. Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation
Section 9-1
Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic acid
Glucose
Pyruvic acid

20. Citric Acid Cycle Also called the Krebs cycle-
a series of aerobic chemical reactions in which electron carriers (NADH & FADH) are produced.
These carriers provide the electrons(energy) for the next step of respiration.

21. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion

22. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion

23. Electron transport chain
The 3rd and final stage.
The electrons from the krebs cycle pass through the mitochondrion wall and bond to oxygen.
This chain releases 32 ATP’s and H2O as long as Oxygen is present.
Very efficient.

24. Energy Production Comparisons

25. Eukaryotes (Have Membranes)
Total ATP Yield
02 ATP - glycolysis (substrate-level phosphorylation)
04 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - glycolysis
06 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - grooming phase
02 ATP - Krebs cycle (substrate-level phosphorylation)
18 ATP - converted from 6 NADH - Krebs cycle
04 ATP - converted from 2 FADH2 - Krebs cycle
36 ATP - TOTAL

26. Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration

27. Bill Nye and Respiration