1. Aim: How did Muhammad Successors Spread Islam?

2. The First Caliph
Muhammad did not make a successor or instructed his followers how to choose one
Muslim community elects a leader
632 CE- Abu-Bakr becomes first Caliph
Means Successor or deputy 2

3. Invoke Jihad After Muhammad death, tribes abandon Islam
Abu-Bakr invokes Jihad
Means striving and struggle against evil
Word in Quran- Armed struggle against unbelievers
Justified expansion of Islam
Next two Caliphs after Abu-Bakr continue to expand Muslim territory 3

4. Treatment of Conquered People
Qur’an restricts forced conversions
Muslims allowed people to follow their own religions
Christian and Jews get special consideration 4

5. Internal Conflict Problem: Result:
Muhammad didn’t appoint successor
Result:
Muslim community has difficulty maintaining unified rule
Muslim Community splits (Sunni/Shia)
Sunni (83%)- First 4 Caliphs rightly guided
Shia (26%)- Ali ( Muhammad’s Son in law) should have succeeded him 5