1. French Revolution

2. Setting the Stage 1789-1799 (coming of Napoleon)
Key phrase: “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
How does this indicate Enlightenment ideology?
Spark: Louis XVI’s need for tax money after American Revolution

3. Calling of the Estates General
France’s version of Parliament
hasn’t been called since Louis XIV’s reign--why?
called for new tax

4. Calling the Estates General

5. Problem: Voting Rights and Inequality
1st Estate: Clergy
200,000 ppl (1%); 1 vote in EG; 2% income tax; 20% land
2nd Estate: Nobility
600,000 ppl (2%); 1 vote in EG; 0% income tax; 10% land
3rd Estate: bourgeoisie, merchants, artisans, peasants, serfs
2,500,000 ppl (97%); 1 vote in EG; 50% income tax; 70% land
Obvious inequalities have 3rd Estate MAD!

8. Formation of National Assembly
Due to inequality, 3rd Estate (with some 1st and 2nd) form the National Assembly
opposed by 1st and 2nd Estates
locked out of building--meet at a local tennis court and take the Tennis Court Oath, promising to meet until new constitution is written and accepted

9. Storming of the Bastille
following EG and bad harvests, as well as ticked off with traditional powers, peasants storm the Bastille, a French prison in Paris
take it and free prisoners
led to Declaration of Rights...
Sig: successful attack on Old Regime

10. Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
written by National Assembly
very similar to American Declaration of Independence
NOT a constitution but a list of beliefs and principles
Enlightenment ideas
Women left out (later addressed by Olympe de Gouges)

11. Women’s March We want the baker, the baker’s wife, and
bread march
march from Paris to Versailles, make Louis XVI prisoner
We want the baker,
the baker’s wife, and
the baker’s boy!

12. Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Clergy had to accept loyalty to France, not pope
take some Church lands

13. 1791 Constitution “Accepted” by King Louis
makes France a Constitutional Monarchy on the lines of England
later, King Louis XVI tries to escape--radicals see this as opposition and a new phase of the revolution occurs

14. Radicalization of the Revolution
after Louis’s flight, calls by radicals to end monarchy
Jacobins: radicals; king could/would not guarantee liberties
Danton, Marat, Robespierre
Declaration of Pilnitz
HRE, Austria say that France MUST keep Louis--probably signed his death warrant by doing so
France declared war

15. Radicalization Louis and Marie-Antoinette executed 1793
Revolutionaries turn on themselves: Reign of Terror
Robespierre and Committee on Public Safety
New Symbols, New Calendar, New Fashion, New Technology, New beliefs, executions (16-50,000)

16. Death of Marat

17. Committee on Public Safety
nationalistic--good of the country (Rousseau, general will)
levee en masse--nationwide draft, huge armies
led by Robespierre
had Danton executed--opposition, thought R was going too far

21. Notre Dame as “Temple of Reason”

22. Sans-Culottes
New fashion of the revolutionaries
no more knee breeches

24. Conservative Reaction
1794, belief that Robespierre/CPS has gone too far
R executed
Directory takes over
oligarchic
conservative
corrupt
led to Napoleon (1799)