1. Cognates – words that look alike and have
similar meanings in English and Spanish
Adjective agreement – adj. must agree in number and gender (chico ordenado; chicos ordenados; chica graciosa; chicas graciosas)
Definite articles – mean “the” el and la
Indefinite articles – mean “a” un and una
Word order in Sentences -
Subject Verb Indef. Article Adj.
+ Noun Marina es una chica sociable

2. Negatives – no, nada (at all), ni…ni (neither…. nor)
Plural – add –s to words ending in vowel, add –es to words ending in consonant; change z to c and and add –es
To express agreement –
A mí también – me too (agree to like)
A mí tampoco – me neither (agree to dislike)
Location phrases -
Debajo de – underneath
Encima de – on top of
Al lado de – next to
Detrás de – behind
Delante de – in front of

3. • Infinitive – basic form of a verb
Verbs:
• Infinitive – basic form of a verb
In Spanish all verbs end in –ar, -er, -ir
• Steps to conjugate a verb:
1. Remove the ending (ar)
2. Replace with one of the following endings based on the subject doing the action
Questions to ask yourself when choosing a subject:
1. Is it one or more person or thing?
2. If the subject is more than one person, does it include yo?
yo (I) – o nosotros (we) – amos
tú (you ) – as ellos/ellas (they) - an
(familiar form) Ustedes (you all)
él (he) ella (she)
Usted (you formal) - a