1. Section 1-3 Studying Life
Chapter 1
Section
1-3
Studying Life

2. I. Characteristics of Living Things
A. All Living things share the following characteristics.
1. Contain Cells
2. Reproduce – Sexual, 2 parents, Sperm and egg, Asexual, 1 parent, fission, mitosis, budding and regeneration.
3. Contain DNA – Universal genetic code
4. Grow and Develop
5. Respond to the environment
6. Take in Energy

3. 7. Homeostasis
8. Change over time
9. Ability to move ( not necessarily, moving from place to place.)
10. A particular life span
All of these characteristics play an important role in the survival of living organisms, whether plant, animal or single celled organisms.

4. Homeostasis – Process by which an organism maintain a relatively stable internal environment.
Metabolism – Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes.
Stimuli – a signal to which an animal responds

5. II. Levels of Organization
A. Biosphere – Earth that contains all ecosystems.
B. Ecosystem – community and it’s nonliving surroundings.
C. Community – populations that live together in a defined area.
D. Population – group of organisms of one type that live in the same area.

6. E. Organism – an individual living thing.
F. Group of cells – tissues, organs and organ systems.
G. Cells – smallest functional unit of life.
H. Molecules – group of atoms: smallest unit of most chemical compounds.

7. Biosphere

8. Ecosystem

9. Community

10. Populations

11. Organism

12. Groups of Cells

13. Cells

14. Molecules

15. Other important characteristics of living organisms
Metabolism – The ability for an organism to build up and break down material it takes in, as it carries out its life processes.
Stimuli – Anything that causes a reaction or response by an organism. Could be a live saving response of reaction by the organism.
Homeostasis – The process by which animals maintain a relatively stable internal environment: Blood pressure , body temperature, hydration, sugar levels.

16. Chapter 1
Section 1:4
Tools

17. Chapter 1
Section 1:4
Tools in Science
Microscopes
Electron Microscopes
Centrifuge

18. III. Tools used in science
A. Compound Light Microscope –
device that uses light and lens that magnify images or structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye. It can also observe living organisms.

20. B. Electron Microscope –
Uses beams of electrons to produce magnified images. The specimens viewed must be preserved (DEAD) and dehydrated. Living things cannot be observed through this type of tool.

21. 1. 2 Main Types
a. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) – shines beams of electrons through a thin specimen, that can reveal details inside the cell.
b. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)– scans a narrow beam of electrons back and forth a cross the surface of a specimen, producing three-dimensional images of the surfaces of objects.

22. Foot of a fly

23. Wolf Spider

24. Ant

25. Pollen Grains

28. IV. Laboratory Techniques
A. Cell Cultures – a single cell is placed in a dish of nutrients, where the cell is expected to reproduce to later be studied.
B. Cell Fractionation – this process is used to research just one part of the cell.
1. To obtain the separation of parts, the cell is placed in a test tube, then inserted into a tool called a centrifuge that spins the tube separating the parts inside the tube.