1. HEART ANATOMY NOTES

2. Functions of the Heart Generating blood pressure
Routing blood: separates pulmonary and systemic circulations
Pulmonary circuit – sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and unload carbon dioxide
Systemic circuit – sends oxygenated blood to all body cells and removes metabolic wastes such as carbon dioxide
Regulating blood supply
Changes in contraction rate and force match changing metabolic needs (ex: exercise vs. rest)

3. Pericardium – double layered sac that contains the heart
Pericardium – double layered sac that contains the heart. Contains pericardial fluid within the pericardial cavity for lubrication and attaches to the mediastinum, the medial component of the thoracic cavity by the sternum

5. Two ventricles (inferior)
Chambers of the Heart *sides are labeled in reference to the patient facing you
Two atria (superior)
Right atrium
Left atrium
Two ventricles (inferior)
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

6. Heart has 4 chambers:
2 Atria – thin UPPER chambers that receive blood returning to the heart via VEINS, contract to pump blood to ventricles
2 Ventricles – thick, muscular LOWER chambers that receive blood from the atria above. Contract to pump blood out of the heart through ARTERIES.
Septum – muscle tissue that separates the right and left sides of the heart

8. VALVES – prevent backflow of blood
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves:
Tricuspid valve – 3 leaflets/papillary muscles
Separates Right atrium & Right ventricle
Mitral or bicuspid valve – 2 leaflets
Separates Left atrium & left ventricle
Semilunar (SL) Valves:
Pulmonary valve
Separates Right ventricle & pulmonary artery
Aortic valve
Separates Left ventricle & aorta

9. PATHWAY OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART
Blood low in oxygen from the body returns to the right atrium of the heart via the inferior and superior vena cava

10. PATHWAY OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART
The right atrium contracts, forcing blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
The right ventricle contracts, closing the tricuspid valve, and forcing blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary arteries

11. PATHWAY OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART
The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs to release excess carbon dioxide (CO2) while red blood cells pick up a new supply of oxygen (O2)
Freshly oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium of the heart via the pulmonary veins.

12. PATHWAY OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART
The left atrium contracts, forcing blood through the left bicuspid/mitral valve into the left ventricle.
The left ventricle contracts, closing the bicuspid valve and forcing open the aortic valve. Blood enters the aorta to provide oxygenated blood to the entire body after a journey through the blood vessels!

15. Key Players
Functions
Heart- hollow, cone-shaped muscular pump
Arteries – long, elastic vessels adapted for carrying blood away from heart
Capillaries – connect arteries and veins
Veins – carry blood back to the heart
Circulates OXYGEN and removes Carbon Dioxide.
Provides cells with NUTRIENTS.
Removes the waste products of metabolism to the excretory organs for disposal.
Protects the body against disease and infection.
Clotting stops bleeding after injury .
Transports HORMONES to target cells and organs.
Helps regulate body temperature.
CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
Circulation
Heart pumps 7,000 liters of blood each day
Heart contracts 2.5 billion times in a lifetime
Avg. adult’s heart is 14 x 9 cm (fist)
Avg. adult heart weighs 2 oz
Blood pumps through body in one minute
Pulmonary circuit – sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and unload carbon dioxide
Systemic circuit – sends oxygenated blood to all body cells and removes wastes.