1. Cultural Diffusion vs. Selective Borrowing 400 – 600 C.E.
Daoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism
Forms of Architecture
Discarded Chinese Civil Service System
- Japanese believed you inherited your positions in life
Mandate of Heaven
- No dynasties to change

2. Japanese Feudalism Samurai Lived by Bushido, the “way of the warrior”
Emperor
Shogun
Warrior Classes;
Ronin, Samurai, Daimyo, and Shogun
Peasants, Merchants, Farmers, etc.

3. Feudalist Society 1192 - 1868 POWER Bushido Code & Seppuku
Strongest Samurai’s
Bushido Code & Seppuku

4. Tokugawa Ieyasu 1600-1868, Shogun Tokugawa Shogunate
Peace, Stability, Order
Education
Trade
Stops trade and closed Japan due to the spread of Christianity
Do not pledge loyalty to the Pope!

5. Impact of Isolationism
Immigration Forbidden
Japanese who wish to leave do not return
End to ship building
What are the larger implications?
Distinctive way of life developed for the people of Japan
Japanese did not learn about the Industrial Revolution that took place in Europe
Remained an agricultural society  Depended on peasants and artisans to produce in small quantities at slow pace
Remember China?

6. Tokyo Bay, July 14,1853
A leading expansionist, Captain Alfred T. Mahan, cautioned that the Pacific could “be entered and controlled only by a vigorous contest.” Mahan wrote, “for Americans to turn their eyes outward, instead of inward only, to seek the welfare of the country.”

7. President Fillmore ordered that Commodore Perry present Japan with the Treaty of Kanagawa

8. End of Japanese Isolation
U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry
1853 – “Gunboat Diplomacy”
Perry appeared in Tokyo Bay with four warships; 1854, nine ships
1854 – Trade treaty with the United States
Great Britain, Holland (Netherlands), and Russia soon gained similar trading rights

9. Meiji Restoration, 1868-1912 Shogun forced to relinquish power
Power officially in hands of Emperor Mutsuhito
His reign was called the “Meiji”
Japan westernized
Quickly went to work crafting a constitution

10. Political Changes under the Meiji [pg. 404]

11. Governmental Reforms Diet – Japan’s bicameral legislature
First set up – 1889
Meiji (Imperial) Constitution
Adopted – 1890
Followed until the end of World War II

12. Economic Changes under the Meiji [pg. 404-405]

13. Economic Reforms Abolition of feudalism Currency (yen) adopted, 1872
Encouragement of foreign trade
Expansion and encouragement of industrialization
Growth of factories
First large factories manufactured textiles
First textile factory workers were girls and women
Land reform
Zaibatsu (large conglomerates) built and expanded

14. Social Changes under the Meiji [pg. 405]

15. Social Reforms Universal compulsory elementary education
Universities established
Westernization of many laws
Tokyo University

16. Social Changes
Adoption of Western architecture, fashions, music, and literary styles (magazines and novels)
Diversity of intellectual and political thought
Growing independence and empowerment of women

17. Humiliating treaties contributed to the rise of Japanese nationalism.
The Rise of Japan Begins!
Humiliating treaties contributed to the rise of Japanese nationalism.
Resentment
Extraterritorial rights of Americans and Europeans
Anti-foreign uprisings ( )
Japanese ports in turn bombarded by foreign ships
Solution
“If you can’t beat ‘em, join ‘em”
Japanese could benefit from knowledge of what happened to China
Japanese felt that they would be in a better position to renegotiate the trade treaties, and be less likely to be imposed upon, if they adopted Western ways (democracy, imperialism, industrialization, militarization, and modernization) – westernization

18. Japan becomes a World Leader
1895: Defeated China for control of Korea and Taiwan
1905: Defeated Russia for control of Korea and Manchuria

19. Expansionism 1930’s: Military leaders gained power
Emperor Hirohito
Began a policy of militarism
Need for natural resources
Expanded into China
: Rape at Nanking (Dec.-Feb)
1940: Joined the Axis Powers
1941: Attacked Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7)
1945: U.S. bombed Japan
Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Aug. 6 and 9)
Japan surrendered (Aug. 14)

20. Japan as an Imperialist Nation
First Sino-Japanese War
( )
Russo-Japanese War
( )
Second Sino-Japanese War
( )
Pearl Harbor (12/7/1941)