1. Comparison of the Visible Articular Surface between the Lateral Para-Olecranon Approach and Two Other Common Posterior Approaches for Distal Humeral Fracture: an Anatomical Study 
Tsuyoshi Amemiya, MD, Takuji Iwamoto, MD, PhD, Taku Suzuki, MD, PhD, Satoshi Oki, MD, PhD, Noboru Matsumura, MD, PhD, Kazuki Sato, MD, PhD 
Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 
Volume 1, Issue 2, Pages (April 2019)
DOI: /j.jhsg
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2. Figure 1
Exposure of the articular surface by the lateral para-olecranon approach. A When one-half part of the medial side of the triceps brachii attached to the olecranon was retracted, the posterior part of the humeral articular was clearly visible. B The anterior part of the capitellum of the humerus is observable when the elbow joint is placed in the deep bending position.
Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2019 1, 85-90DOI: ( /j.jhsg )
Copyright © 2019 The Authors Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Exposure of the articular surface by A bilaterotricipital approach and B olecranon osteotomy approach.
Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2019 1, 85-90DOI: ( /j.jhsg )
Copyright © 2019 The Authors Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Colored visible area (blue) exposed by lateral para-olecranon approach and colored invisible area (green) after osteotomy of the distal part of the humerus. A Posterior view. B Anterior view.
Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2019 1, 85-90DOI: ( /j.jhsg )
Copyright © 2019 The Authors Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Colored visible area (red) exposed by bilaterotricipital approach. The additional visible area (blue) was obtained by subsequent osteotomy. Colored invisible area (turquoise) after osteotomy of the distal part of the humerus. A Posterior view. B Anterior view.
Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2019 1, 85-90DOI: ( /j.jhsg )
Copyright © 2019 The Authors Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Proportions of visible areas of the distal humeral fracture exposed by various posterior approaches. A Posterior articular surface. B Anterior articular surface. C Total area. *P < .05, **P < .01.
Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2019 1, 85-90DOI: ( /j.jhsg )
Copyright © 2019 The Authors Terms and Conditions