1. Bell Work
What do you think makes humans’ brains different from other animals?

2. The Human Brain and Neuroplasticity

3. Neuroplasticity

4. Neuroplasticity The ability of the brain to change.
It involves forming neuronal connections in response to stimuli
Girl Living with Half Her Brain

5. Brain Imaging

6. Modern technology and localization of function

7. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Developed in 1929 by Hans Berger
Electrodes are placed on the outside of the head using a special cap or helmet.
Detect electrical activity in the brain.

8. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Most widely used in sleep research.
It can measure what stage of sleep you are in.
Not that accurate in research showing us localization of function.

9. Computed Tomography Combines computer and x-ray technology.
Images are taken from all sides and look like slices of the brain.
GREAT for showing structural changes in the brain (like a tumor).

10. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Our bodies are about 60% water H2O.
Uses a strong magnetic field to push one proton of the H2O off its orbit.
When magnetic pulse stops…the proton rushes back to its orbit.
It emits a small radio frequency on its way back.
The machine can detect that radio frequency..taking a picture of it.

11. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Normally much more safe that CT scan.
But REALLY bad it you have metal inside of you….
Very precise images from any angle.

12. Functional MRI (fMRI)
Uses MRI technology but takes pictures of only active areas (areas with more blood).
Great for showing brain activity.

13. Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Inject a radioactive substance in an individual.
Usually some radioactive sugar that produces gamma rays.
When the brain metabolizes (burns) the sugar, the PET machine will measure it.
Great diagnostic tool for showing abnormalities in brain activity.

17. Wrap Up
Racism and the Brain