1. Unit 3

2. Articles of Confederation (AOC): America’s 1st form of govt.
+: eliminated tyranny & strong central govt.: gave power to states
-: no executive, no judicial, no taxes, 9/13: law, 13/13 change, no control on trade

3. Land Ordinance of 1785: Sell western lands to gain $
Section 16: schools,
Northwest Ordinance 1787: 5,000 self-government, 60,000: state
No slavery

4. Weaknesses to Change
Shay’s Rebellion: Mass. Farmers rebel over high taxes & debt: force courts to close & federal arsenal
LEADS TO CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

5. Constitutional Convention
James Madison: Father of the Constitution
May 1787, 55 delegates
Purpose: strengthen national govt.
Supremacy Clause: Constitution is the “supreme law of the land”

6. Principles of Constitution
Popular Sovereignty: Power lies with people
Limited govt.: restricted by Constitution
Federal: power divided & shared govt.
Checks & balances: equalizes power
Separation of Power:
Legislative: makes laws
Executive: enforces laws
Judicial: interpret laws

7. Constitutional Compromises
Representation:
New Jersey Plan: Small State: Equal Rep. ----
Senate: 100 (2 per state)
Serve 6 years, 30 years old
Virginia Plan: Big State: Population -----
House of Representatives: 435 members
Serve 2 years, 25 years old

8. 3/5 Compromise: states count 3 of every 5 slaves toward population
Slave trade: continue for 20 more years

9. Constitution Preamble, 7 Articles, 27 Amendments
Article I: Legislative Branch: make laws
House & Senate, declare war, coin $, trade, tax
Article II: Executive Branch: enforce laws
President (35 years old, veto laws, appoint judges)
Article III: Judicial Branch: interpret laws
9 justices, serve for life, declare laws unconstitutional

10. Bill of Rights: 10 1: Religion, speech, press, assembly, petition
2: Bear Arms
4: Warrant (search and seizure
5: eminent domain, self-incrimination, due process, double jeopardy, grand jury
6: Courts, witness, lawyer
8: cruel & unusual punishment, excessive bail

11. Federalists: For Constitution, strong Federal govt. , Hamilton & P
Federalists: For Constitution, strong Federal govt., Hamilton & P. Henry
Anti-Federalists: Against Constitution, strong state govt. Bill of Rights: Jefferson
9/13 States Ratify

12. Washington Judiciary Act of 1789: created federal courts
Cabinet: Knox, Jefferson, Randolph, Hamilton

13. Hamilton: $ 1. assume all state debt 2. Whiskey Tax
3. Creates the Bank of the US

14. Hamilton (Federalist): Strong govt, loose interpretation of the Constitution, Bankers
Jefferson (Democratic-Republicans): strong state govt, strict interpretation of Constitution, Farmers

15. Washington’s Farewell Address:
1. Proclamation of Neutrality: remain netural
2. Avoid political parties
3. Sectional tensions
Whiskey Rebellion: Farmers rebel but Washington brings in lots of troops

16. Adams:
XYZ Affair: French Diplomats turned on U.S.
Alien & Sedition Acts: sent immigrants home & can’t speak out against the govt.