1. HIV – routes of transmission
Contaminated blood products
Sexual intercourse
Mother- to- child (vertical route)

2. HIV – routes of transmission
Contaminated blood
products
-blood transfusion
-skin penetrating procedures
-contact of contaminated body fluid with mucose membrane or non intact skin

3. Risk of HIV transmission after single exposure to contaminated blood
Percutaneus
- needlestick in HCW ,32%
- sharing needles by IDU ,67%
Mucous membranes ,09%
Non-intact skin lower risk
(several cases reported)
Exposure to other contaminated fluids -
still lower risk

4. Circumstances increasing the risk of transmission
Deep penetration ,1%
Blood visible on the tool ,2%
Needle just withdrawn from
the vein ,1%
End-stage AIDS ,4%
Applying retrovir in post exposure prophylaxis decreases the risk by 80%

5. HIV – routes of transmission
Sexual intercourse
Risk about 0,5 %

6. Risk of pathogen transmission resulting from a single sexual contact with infected person
HIV ,5%
Gonorrhea %

7. HIV – routes of transmission
Mother–to-child transmission
(vertical transmission)
Frequency 25-30%
( in Africa 40% )

8. Vertical transmission of HIV
Transmission rate is related to HIV infection stage and viral load in the mother
Main routes:
- delivery
- breastfeeding
- transplacental

9. Infectious body fluids in HIV positive individual
Blood and its derivates
Seminal fluid
Discharge from genital tract
- vaginal exsudate
- cervical mucus
Human milk
Cerebro-spinal fluid
Synovial fluid, amniotic fluid, pericardial fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid.
Any fluid contaminated with blood
Samples of tissues, transplants
Concentrate of virus used in research laboratories

10. Non-infectious body fluids in HIV positive individual
Saliva
Tears
Sputum
Sweat
Urine
Feces

11. To obtain an infective dose of HIV virus in saliva it would be necessary to swallow 0,5 l of this fluid

12. How you cannot acquire HIV
Handshake
Friendly kiss
Drinking from the same glass
Sharing plates, spoons, forks, knifes
Wearing the same clothes
Sharing bathtube, toilet
Sleeping in the same bed (sex excluded)
Bathing in the swimming pool
Bites of the insects

13. USA, 1990
757 household contacts of HIV positive patients have been checked.
No case of virus transmission has been found.
(Typical routes of transmission have been excluded)

14. HIV – routes of transmission
Risk groups–
risky behaviours