1. 9-5: Rise of the Axis 1930s-1941

2. Thematic Learning Objectives
NAT 3.0 Analyze how ideas about national identity changed in response to U.S. involvement in international conflicts and the growth of the United States.
NAT 4.0 Analyze relationships among different regional, social, ethnic, and racial groups, and explain how these groups’ experiences have related to U.S. national identity.
WOR 2.0 Analyze the reasons for and results of U.S. diplomatic, economic, and military initiatives in North America and overseas.

3. Key Concept
Participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while renewing domestic debates over the nation’s proper role in the world.

4. Overview
The U.S. is in a position of international power—what is its proper role in the world?
Rise of fascism
Most Americans opposed military action
Pearl Harbor attack drew U.S. into WWII

5. U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1930s
Good Neighbor Policy in Latin America
U.S. renounced intervention
Pursued friendly relations
Withdrew troops

6. U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1930s
Events Abroad: Fascism and Aggressive Militarism
Italy—Benito Mussolini (fascism)
Japan—Military dictatorship
Japanese Aggression in Manchuria
Stimson Doctrine
Territorial acquisitions not recognized
No military response from U.S.
Germany—Adolf Hitler (Nazi Party)
Tripartite Pact created Axis Powers

7. U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1930s
American Isolationists
The Lesson of World War I
Nye Committee
Avoid costly war in Europe
Drew from Washington’s farewell address
Neutrality Acts
Commitment to isolationism
Prohibited arms sales to belligerents
America First Committee
Opposed any involvement in WWII

8. U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1930s
Prelude to War
Appeasement
Italian invasion of Ethiopia, 1935
German militarization of the Rhineland, 1936
Japanese invasion of China, 1937
Panay incident
German annexation of the Sudetenland, 1938
No action from League of Nations or United States
Quarantine Speech
Preparedness—raised military spending

9. From Neutrality to War, 1939-1941
Outbreak of War in Europe
Invasion of Poland
Blitzkrieg
Changing U.S. Policy
“Cash and Carry”
Arms and loans to Allies
Had to pick up in U.S.
Selective Service Act
Destroyers for Bases Deal

12. From Neutrality to War, 1939-1941
Arsenal of Democracy
Lend-Lease Act
Sold surplus military equipment to Allies
U.S. becomes non-belligerent ally
Atlantic Charter
Roosevelt and Churchill
Described post-war world based on “Four Freedoms”

13. From Neutrality to War, 1939-1941
Disputes with Japan
U.S. embargo on supplies to Japan
Breakdown in negotiations
Pearl Harbor
Japanese Attack
Declaration of War