1. Religion in the Modern World

2. Religion in the Modern World
How might we compare/contrast the offices of the papacy and Dalai Lama?
How has the papacy become increasingly de-Italianized, and more global?
How does the Dalai Lama’s present situation fit in with other events we have studied related to modern Asia?

3. Religion General Religious Trends PLURALISM
Fastest growing religions: Islam, Christianity
Rise in atheism, AGNOSTICISM, apathy
“Spiritual, not religious”

4. Roman Catholicism The Papacy Traced back to St. Peter
Spiritual-temporal office
Opposed to heresy, modern trends
Lost temporal authority (1870)

5. Roman Catholicism The Lateran Treaty (Feb. 11, 1929)
Between Italy and papacy
Agreement
Pope ruler of Vatican City
Restitution for expropriations
Catholicism official religion of Italy

6. Roman Catholicism Pope John XXIII (r. 1958-1963) Of poor family
Church historian, patriarch of Venice
Stressed social justice, condemned anti-Semitism
Sought reform of Church
Aggiornamento
Aperturismo

7. Roman Catholicism Second Vatican Council (1962-65) Notable reforms
Liturgical changes
New focus on laity
Ecumenism, dialogue
Declaration on Jews
Not everyone pleased

8. Roman Catholicism
Tomb of John XXIII, St. Peter’s Basilica

9. Roman Catholicism Pope John Paul II (r. 1978-2005)
First non-Italian pope in centuries
Traveler!
Universal vision for Church
Contributed to collapse of communism
Traditional

10. Roman Catholicism

11. Roman Catholicism
World Youth Day, Rome (2000)

12. Roman Catholicism
John Paul II’s funeral Mass, St. Peter’s Square (April 8, 2005)

13. Roman Catholicism Pope Francis (2013-) Jesuit, Latin American
Themes of his papacy
Humility
Social justice
Progressive?
Environmentalism

14. Roman Catholicism

15. Roman Catholicism

16. Roman Catholicism

17. Roman Catholicism
Questions?

18. Buddhism Buddhism Began as revolt within Hinduism
Siddhartha Gautama ( BC)
Troubled by human misery, sought answers
Meditation  enlightenment  Buddha
Disciples

19. Buddhism Fundamental Principles of Buddhism
Anyone can attain spiritual bliss
Four Noble Truths
Everything is pain
Origins of pain: desire
Extinction of desire  nirvana
Follow way of Buddha  end of pain
Spiritual goals
Self-control
Conquer self, desire  release from Wheel of Life

20. Buddhism

21. Buddhism The Two Branches of Buddhism Theravada Mahayana
“Pure” form of Buddhism
Monastic life!
Mahayana
Doctrines of Buddha: “initial step”
Buddha, bodhisattvas can provide spiritual assistance
Monastic life not necessary
Pu-tai

22. Buddhism The Dalai Lama Head monk of Tibetan Buddhism
Spiritual-political leader of Tibet
Reincarnation of past lama
14 Dalai Lamas

23. Buddhism
Potala Palace, Lhasa, Tibet

24. Buddhism Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso (1935-) Began to rule 1950
China occupied Tibet October 1950
Tibetan resistance  Chinese fury
Dalai Lama fled 1959

25. Buddhism The Dalai Lama Headquarters: Dharamsala, India
Seeks peaceful means to Tibetan independence
Pro-democracy
Acclaimed speaker, prolific author

26. Buddhism

27. Buddhism
Questions?

28. Religion in the Modern World
How might we compare/contrast the offices of the papacy and Dalai Lama?
How has the papacy become increasingly de-Italianized, and more global?
How does the Dalai Lama’s present situation fit in with other events we have studied related to modern Asia?