1. Neurons

3. Action Potential

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Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters – Chemical messengers that relay neural messages across the synapse
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5. Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease
Neurotransmitters
Normal Function:
Produces sensations of pleasure and reward; used by CNS neurons in voluntary movement
Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Problems with Imbalance:
Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease
Acetylcholine
GABA
Substances that Affect:
Cocaine, amphetamines, Ritalin, alcohol
Glutamine
Endorphins
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6. Depression, certain anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder
Neurotransmitters
Normal Function:
Regulates sleep and dreaming, mood, pain, aggression, appetite and sexual behavior
Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Problems with Imbalance:
Depression, certain anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder
Acetylcholine
GABA
Glutamine
Substances that Affect:
Prozac, hallucinogenics (e.g. LSD)
Endorphins
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7. The Organization of the Nervous System
Peripheral nervous system
Central nervous system (CNS)
Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
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The Endocrine System
(the body’s chemical messenger system)
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The Endocrine System
Hormones
Pituitary gland – Master gland that produces hormones influencing the secretions of all other endocrine glands; produces hormone that influences growth; attached to hypothalamus
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Windows on the Brain
Brain scans – CT scanning (computerized tomography)
Structure, X-Ray
PET scanning (positron emission tomography)
Function, Radioactive Glucose
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
Structure, Magnetic Waves
fMRI
Function, Blood Flow
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Windows on the Brain
EEG (electroencephalograph) – Device for recording brain waves, typically by electrodes placed on the scalp
Brain waves – Patterns of electrical activity generated by the brain
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16. Reticular Formation/ Activating System
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End of Chapter 3
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