1. WORLD WAR ONE
The Great War

2. Why was WWI referred to as the Great War?

3. EMPIRES before WWI

4. M-Militarism A-Alliances N-Nationalism I-Imperialism A-Assassination
Causes of WWI
M-Militarism
A-Alliances
N-Nationalism
I-Imperialism
A-Assassination

5. MILITARISM
Definition-
The policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war
What European country began building up their military which caused other nations to be concerned?

7. Alliances
Definition-
agreements between nations to give aid and to protect one another
How did the system of alliances bring countries into the war?

9. ALLIANCES What countries composed the Triple Alliance?
What countries composed the Triple Entente?

10. NATIONALISM How does nationalism spark World War One?
Definition-Extreme pride or loyalty in ones country
How does nationalism spark World War One?
(Give a specific example)

11. IMPERIALISM At the outset of WWI what country had the largest empire?
Definition-
When one country takes over another country both economically and politically (creating an empire)
At the outset of WWI what country had the largest empire?
What country wanted to expand imperialism for their benefit?

14. ASSASSINATION
Definition-
To murder by surprise attack for political reasons
What is “the black hand” and what was their motivation to assassinate someone?

15. ASSASSINATION
Why is the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand referred to as the spark that started the war?

16. The Domino Effect
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.
Austria blames Serbia for Archduke’s death—declares WAR
Germany pledges support for Austria-Hungary due a previously established alliance.
Russia pledges support for Serbia
Germany declares WAR on Russia
France pledges their support for Russia
Germany declares WAR on France
Germany invades Belgium on the way to invade France
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares WAR on Germany

17. STALEMATE
Definition-
A situation in which neither side is able to gain the advantage
How did modern warfare such as machine guns and long-range artillery and trench warfare contribute to the stalemate?

19. New Deadly Weapons Introduced during WWI

20. Poison Gas

21. Machine Gun

22. Tank

23. Airplane

24. Grenades

25. Submarines and Torpedoes

26. First was a book, then made into a movie
P.O.V. - German soldiers
Setting: Western Front (front = line of warfare)

27. Casualties of World War I
Country Dead Wounded Missing Total
Austria-Hungary 922,000 3,600, , ,377,283
Belgium 44, , ,000
Britain 658,700 2,032, , ,050,000
Bulgaria 87, ,390 27, ,919
Canada 56, , ,200
France 1,359,000 4,200, , ,920,650
Germany 1,600,000 4,065, , ,768,000
India 43, ,175 5, ,250
Italy 689, , ,424,660
Romania 335, ,000 80, ,706
Russia 1,700,000 5,000, ,700,000
Serbia 45, , , ,106
Turkey 250, , ,000
USA 58, ,955 14, ,725
Who had it worst? Why?

28. U.S Home front Financing the war:
Liberty bonds allowed U.S. to loan more than $10 billion to the Allies during and just after the world
Posters, boy and girl scouts, famous actors hosted bond rallies to persuade the American public to buy bonds

29. Changes peoples lives (U.S)
Social mobility for minorities and women
Business (especially war related industries ) needed workers: women and minorities were able to fill many of these roles
400,000 women join the workforce for the first time
500,00 African Americans join the Great Migration to find new jobs in northern factories
Prohibition passes (18th amendment) makes it illegal to manufacture, sell, or transport alcoholic beverages to show patriotism
Beer was made from grain—grain was needed to make bread to feed troops

30. What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
To do with Germany’s armed forces :
The German army was to be reduced to 100,000 men. It was not allowed to have tanks.
Germany was not allowed an air force
The area known as the Rhineland was to be de-militarized
The Allies were to occupy the west bank of the Rhine for fifteen years
The German navy was to have no submarines or large battle-ships

31. < 100,000
De-militarized
The Military Clauses

33. Territorial Losses Germany lost ALL of her overseas colonies
Alsace-Lorraine was given to France

34. Eupen and Malmedy were given to Belgium
North-Schleswig was given to Denmark

35. Posen was given to Poland so that she would have access to the Baltic Sea. This area became known as the Polish Corridor. It meant that East Prussia was cut off from the rest of Germany.

36. The Rhineland was to be de-militarized

37. The Saar coalfields were given to France for fifteen years
The port of Danzig was made a Free City under the control of the League of Nations

39. GERMANY ACCEPTED RESPONSIBILITY FOR STARTING THE WAR
The War Guilt Clause
"The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the responsibility of Germany and her Allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associate Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of a war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her Allies."
Article 231
GERMANY ACCEPTED RESPONSIBILITY FOR STARTING THE WAR

40. REPARATIONS
Germany agreed to pay for the damage caused by her armies during the war. The sum she had to pay was later fixed near
$9.700 billion.

41. Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria

42. How did Germans React to the Treaty?
Germans thought the Treaty was a “diktat” : a dictated peace. They had not been invited to the peace conference at Versailles and when the Treaty was presented to them they were threatened with war if they did not sign it.
The Treaty was NOT based on Wilson’s Fourteen Points as the Germans had been promised it would.
Most Germans believed that the War Guilt Clause was unjustified. The French and British had done just as much to start the war
The loss of territory and population angered most Germans who believed that the losses were too severe.
Many Germans believed the German economy would be crippled by having to pay reparations.

43. The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28th June 1919
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28th June It officially ended the 1st World War. Many historians believe that it was a major cause of the 2nd World War.
Most Germans were horrified by the harshness of the Treaty. There was anger amongst all groups in Germany, no matter what their political beliefs. Some German newspapers called for revenge for the humiliation of Versailles.
However anger was also directed against the government in Germany. Already there was a myth growing in the country that the German army had been “stabbed in the back” by politicians…the so called “November Criminals”. Now these same politicians had signed the “Diktat”, the dictated peace. The new democracy in Germany was now closely linked with the humiliation of Versailles.

44. END OF THE WAR 1918
Women also played a part in the war – as nurses, drivers and even spies at the front line.

45. END OF THE WAR 1918
Whilst the men were away fighting women took over their jobs to keep the country running – as bus drivers, post women, coal women and munitions workers nicknamed canaries because of the yellow pigment that effected their skin from the TNT explosives.

46. END OF THE WAR 1918
As a result of the work women did during the war they were rewarded with the right to vote in 1920.

53. END OF THE WAR 1918
Hitler came to power in and one of the things he promised was to get revenge for the Treaty of Versailles and what it did to Germany.
Many historians would therefore argue that Hitler’s rise to power and the Second World War happened because of the First World War.

54. END OF THE WAR 1918
But Hitler wasn’t the only one to emerge as a result of the First World War.
In Italy Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922 and ruled Italy as a dictator.